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TOGAF9.2.pdf
Frontmatter
Preface
The TOGAF Documentation
This Document
Intended Audience
Keywords
About The Open Group
The Open Group
Trademarks
Participants
Architecture Forum Technical Reviewers
Architecture Forum Members
Acknowledgements
Referenced Documents
Footnotes
Part I: Introduction
1. Introduction
1.1 Structure of this Document
1.2 Structure of the TOGAF Library
1.3 Executive Overview
What is an enterprise?
Why is an Enterprise Architecture needed?
What are the benefits of an Enterprise Architecture?
What specifically would prompt the development of an Enterprise Architecture?
What is an architecture framework?
Why use the TOGAF standard as a framework for Enterprise Architecture?
Who would benefit from using the TOGAF standard?
1.4 Information on Using the TOGAF Standard
1.4.1 Conditions of Use
1.4.2 How Much Does the TOGAF Standard Cost?
1.4.3 Downloads
1.5 Why Join The Open Group?
Footnotes
2. Core Concepts
2.1 What is the TOGAF Standard?
2.2 What is Architecture in the Context of the TOGAF Standard?
2.3 What Kind of Architecture Does the TOGAF Standard Deal With?
2.4 Architecture Development Method
2.5 Deliverables, Artifacts, and Building Blocks
2.6 Enterprise Continuum
2.7 Architecture Repository
2.8 Establishing and Maintaining an Enterprise Architecture Capability
2.9 Establishing the Architecture Capability as an Operational Entity
2.10 Using the TOGAF Standard with Other Frameworks
3. Definitions
3.1 Abstraction
3.2 Actor
3.3 Application Architecture
3.4 Application Component
3.5 Application Platform
3.6 Architectural Style
3.7 Architecture
3.8 Architecture Building Block (ABB)
3.9 Architecture Continuum
3.10 Architecture Development Method (ADM)
3.11 Architecture Domain
3.12 Architecture Framework
3.13 Architecture Governance
3.14 Architecture Landscape
3.15 Architecture Model
3.16 Architecture Principle
3.17 Architecture View
3.18 Architecture Viewpoint
3.19 Architecture Vision
3.20 Artifact
3.21 Baseline
3.22 Boundaryless Information Flow™
3.23 Building Block
3.24 Business Architecture
3.25 Business Capability
3.26 Business Function
3.27 Business Governance
3.28 Business Model
3.29 Business Service
3.30 Capability
3.31 Capability Architecture
3.32 Capability Increment
3.33 Communications and Stakeholder Management
3.34 Concern
3.35 Course of Action
3.36 Data Architecture
3.37 Deliverable
3.38 Enterprise
3.39 Enterprise Continuum
3.40 Foundation Architecture
3.41 Framework
3.42 Gap
3.43 Governance
3.44 Information
3.45 Information System Service
3.46 Information Technology (IT)
3.47 Interoperability
3.48 Logical
3.49 Metadata
3.50 Metamodel
3.51 Method
3.52 Modeling
3.53 Model Kind
3.54 Objective
3.55 Organization Map
3.56 Pattern
3.57 Physical
3.58 Principle
3.59 Reference Model (RM)
3.60 Repository
3.61 Requirement
3.62 Roadmap
3.63 Role
3.64 Segment Architecture
3.65 Service
3.66 Service Orientation
3.67 Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
3.68 Service Portfolio
3.69 Solution Architecture
3.70 Solution Building Block (SBB)
3.71 Solutions Continuum
3.72 Stakeholder
3.73 Standards Information Base (SIB)
3.74 Strategic Architecture
3.75 Target Architecture
3.76 Taxonomy of Architecture Views
3.77 Technology Architecture
3.78 Technology Component
3.79 Technology Service
3.80 Transition Architecture
3.81 Value Stream
3.82 View
3.83 Viewpoint
3.84 Viewpoint Library
3.85 Work Package
Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM)
4. Introduction to Part II
4.1 ADM Overview
4.1.1 The ADM, Enterprise Continuum, and Architecture Repository
4.1.2 The ADM and the Foundation Architecture
4.1.3 ADM and Supporting Guidelines and Techniques
4.2 Architecture Development Cycle
4.2.1 Key Points
4.2.2 Basic Structure
4.3 Adapting the ADM
4.4 Architecture Governance
4.5 Scoping the Architecture
4.5.1 Breadth
4.5.2 Depth
4.5.3 Time Period
4.5.4 Architecture Domains
4.6 Architecture Integration
4.7 Summary
5. Preliminary Phase
5.1 Objectives
5.2 Inputs
5.2.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterprise
5.2.2 Non-Architectural Inputs
5.2.3 Architectural Inputs
5.3 Steps
5.3.1 Scope the Enterprise Organizations Impacted
5.3.2 Confirm Governance and Support Frameworks
5.3.3 Define and Establish Enterprise Architecture Team and Organization
5.3.4 Identify and Establish Architecture Principles
5.3.5 Tailor the TOGAF Framework and, if any, Other Selected Architecture Framework(s)
5.3.6 Develop a Strategy and Implementation Plan for Tools and Techniques
5.4 Outputs
5.5 Approach
5.5.1 Enterprise
5.5.2 Organizational Context
5.5.3 Requirements for Architecture Work
5.5.4 Principles
5.5.5 Management Frameworks
5.5.6 Relating the Management Frameworks
5.5.7 Planning for Enterprise Architecture/Business Change Maturity Evaluation
6. Phase A: Architecture Vision
6.1 Objectives
6.2 Inputs
6.2.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterprise
6.2.2 Non-Architectural Inputs
6.2.3 Architectural Inputs
6.3 Steps
6.3.1 Establish the Architecture Project
6.3.2 Identify Stakeholders, Concerns, and Business Requirements
6.3.3 Confirm and Elaborate Business Goals, Business Drivers, and Constraints
6.3.4 Evaluate Capabilities
6.3.5 Assess Readiness for Business Transformation
6.3.6 Define Scope
6.3.7 Confirm and Elaborate Architecture Principles, including Business Principles
6.3.8 Develop Architecture Vision
6.3.9 Define the Target Architecture Value Propositions and KPIs
6.3.10 Identify the Business Transformation Risks and Mitigation Activities
6.3.11 Develop Statement of Architecture Work; Secure Approval
6.4 Outputs
6.5 Approach
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Creating the Architecture Vision
7. Phase B: Business Architecture
7.1 Objectives
7.2 Inputs
7.2.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterprise
7.2.2 Non-Architectural Inputs
7.2.3 Architectural Inputs
7.3 Steps
7.3.1 Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools
7.3.1.1 Determine Overall Modeling Process
7.3.1.2 Identify Required Service Granularity Level, Boundaries, and Contracts
7.3.1.3 Identify Required Catalogs of Business Building Blocks
7.3.1.4 Identify Required Matrices
7.3.1.5 Identify Required Diagrams
7.3.1.6 Identify Types of Requirement to be Collected
7.3.2 Develop Baseline Business Architecture Description
7.3.3 Develop Target Business Architecture Description
7.3.4 Perform Gap Analysis
7.3.5 Define Candidate Roadmap Components
7.3.6 Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape
7.3.7 Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review
7.3.8 Finalize the Business Architecture
7.3.9 Create the Architecture Definition Document
7.4 Outputs
7.5 Approach
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Developing the Baseline Description
7.5.3 Applying Business Capabilities
7.5.4 Applying Value Streams
7.5.5 Applying the Organization Map
7.5.6 Applying Modeling Techniques
7.5.7 Architecture Repository
8. Phase C: Information Systems Architectures
8.1 Objectives
8.2 Approach
9. Phase C: Information Systems Architectures - Data Architecture
9.1 Objectives
9.2 Inputs
9.2.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterprise
9.2.2 Non-Architectural Inputs
9.2.3 Architectural Inputs
9.3 Steps
9.3.1 Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools
9.3.1.1 Determine Overall Modeling Process
9.3.1.2 Identify Required Catalogs of Data Building Blocks
9.3.1.3 Identify Required Matrices
9.3.1.4 Identify Required Diagrams
9.3.1.5 Identify Types of Requirement to be Collected
9.3.2 Develop Baseline Data Architecture Description
9.3.3 Develop Target Data Architecture Description
9.3.4 Perform Gap Analysis
9.3.5 Define Candidate Roadmap Components
9.3.6 Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape
9.3.7 Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review
9.3.8 Finalize the Data Architecture
9.3.9 Create the Architecture Definition Document
9.4 Outputs
9.5 Approach
9.5.1 Key Considerations for Data Architecture
9.5.1.1 Data Management
9.5.1.2 Data Migration
9.5.1.3 Data Governance
9.5.2 Architecture Repository
10. Phase C: Information Systems Architectures - Application Architecture
10.1 Objectives
10.2 Inputs
10.2.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterprise
10.2.2 Non-Architectural Inputs
10.2.3 Architectural Inputs
10.3 Steps
10.3.1 Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools
10.3.1.1 Determine Overall Modeling Process
10.3.1.2 Identify Required Catalogs of Application Building Blocks
10.3.1.3 Identify Required Matrices
10.3.1.4 Identify Required Diagrams
10.3.1.5 Identify Types of Requirement to be Collected
10.3.2 Develop Baseline Application Architecture Description
10.3.3 Develop Target Application Architecture Description
10.3.4 Perform Gap Analysis
10.3.5 Define Candidate Roadmap Components
10.3.6 Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape
10.3.7 Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review
10.3.8 Finalize the Application Architecture
10.3.9 Create the Architecture Definition Document
10.4 Outputs
10.5 Approach
10.5.1 Architecture Repository
11. Phase D: Technology Architecture
11.1 Objectives
11.2 Inputs
11.2.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterprise
11.2.2 Non-Architectural Inputs
11.2.3 Architectural Inputs
11.3 Steps
11.3.1 Select Reference Models, Viewpoints, and Tools
11.3.1.1 Determine Overall Modeling Process
11.3.1.2 Identify Required Catalogs of Technology Building Blocks
11.3.1.3 Identify Required Matrices
11.3.1.4 Identify Required Diagrams
11.3.1.5 Identify Types of Requirement to be Collected
11.3.1.6 Select Services
11.3.2 Develop Baseline Technology Architecture Description
11.3.3 Develop Target Technology Architecture Description
11.3.4 Perform Gap Analysis
11.3.5 Define Candidate Roadmap Components
11.3.6 Resolve Impacts Across the Architecture Landscape
11.3.7 Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review
11.3.8 Finalize the Technology Architecture
11.3.9 Create the Architecture Definition Document
11.4 Outputs
11.5 Approach
11.5.1 Emerging Technologies
11.5.2 Architecture Repository
12. Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions
12.1 Objectives
12.2 Inputs
12.2.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterprise
12.2.2 Non-Architectural Inputs
12.2.3 Architectural Inputs
12.3 Steps
12.3.1 Determine/Confirm Key Corporate Change Attributes
12.3.2 Determine Business Constraints for Implementation
12.3.3 Review and Consolidate Gap Analysis Results from Phases B to D
12.3.4 Review Consolidated Requirements Across Related Business Functions
12.3.5 Consolidate and Reconcile Interoperability Requirements
12.3.6 Refine and Validate Dependencies
12.3.7 Confirm Readiness and Risk for Business Transformation
12.3.8 Formulate Implementation and Migration Strategy
12.3.9 Identify and Group Major Work Packages
12.3.10 Identify Transition Architectures
12.3.11 Create the Architecture Roadmap & Implementation and Migration Plan
12.4 Outputs
12.5 Approach
13. Phase F: Migration Planning
13.1 Objectives
13.2 Inputs
13.2.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterprise
13.2.2 Non-Architectural Inputs
13.2.3 Architectural Inputs
13.3 Steps
13.3.1 Confirm Management Framework Interactions for the Implementation and Migration Plan
13.3.2 Assign a Business Value to Each Work Package
13.3.3 Estimate Resource Requirements, Project Timings, and Availability/Delivery Vehicle
13.3.4 Prioritize the Migration Projects through the Conduct of a Cost/Benefit Assessment and Risk Validation
13.3.5 Confirm Architecture Roadmap and Update Architecture Definition Document
13.3.6 Complete the Implementation and Migration Plan
13.3.7 Complete the Architecture Development Cycle and Document Lessons Learned
13.4 Outputs
13.5 Approach
14. Phase G: Implementation Governance
14.1 Objectives
14.2 Inputs
14.2.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterprise
14.2.2 Non-Architectural Inputs
14.2.3 Architectural Inputs
14.3 Steps
14.3.1 Confirm Scope and Priorities for Deployment with Development Management
14.3.2 Identify Deployment Resources and Skills
14.3.3 Guide Development of Solutions Deployment
14.3.4 Perform Enterprise Architecture Compliance Reviews
14.3.5 Implement Business and IT Operations
14.3.6 Perform Post-Implementation Review and Close the Implementation
14.4 Outputs
14.5 Approach
15. Phase H: Architecture Change Management
15.1 Objectives
15.2 Inputs
15.2.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterprise
15.2.2 Non-Architectural Inputs
15.2.3 Architectural Inputs
15.3 Steps
15.3.1 Establish Value Realization Process
15.3.2 Deploy Monitoring Tools
15.3.3 Manage Risks
15.3.4 Provide Analysis for Architecture Change Management
15.3.5 Develop Change Requirements to Meet Performance Targets
15.3.6 Manage Governance Process
15.3.7 Activate the Process to Implement Change
15.4 Outputs
15.5 Approach
15.5.1 Drivers for Change
15.5.2 Enterprise Architecture Change Management Process
15.5.3 Guidelines for Maintenance versus Architecture Redesign
16. ADM Architecture Requirements Management
16.1 Objectives
16.2 Inputs
16.3 Steps
16.4 Outputs
16.5 Approach
16.5.1 General
16.5.2 Requirements Development
16.5.3 Resources
16.5.3.1 Business Scenarios
16.5.3.2 Requirements Tools
Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques
17. Introduction to Part III
17.1 Guidelines for Adapting the ADM Process
17.2 Techniques for Architecture Development
17.3 Using the TOGAF Framework with Different Architectural Styles
Footnotes
18. Applying Iteration to the ADM
18.1 Overview
18.2 Iteration Cycles
18.3 Classes of Architecture Engagement
18.4 Approaches to Architecture Development
18.5 Iteration Considerations
18.5.1 Iteration between ADM Cycles
18.5.2 Iteration within an ADM Cycle
18.6 Conclusions
Footnotes
19. Applying the ADM Across the Architecture Landscape
19.1 Overview
19.2 Architecture Landscape
19.3 Organizing the Architecture Landscape to Understand the State of the Enterprise
19.4 Developing Architectures at Different Levels
20. Architecture Principles
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Characteristics of Architecture Principles
20.3 Components of Architecture Principles
20.4 Developing Architecture Principles
20.4.1 Qualities of Principles
20.5 Applying Architecture Principles
20.6 Example Set of Architecture Principles
20.6.1 Business Principles
Principle 1: Primacy of Principles
Principle 2: Maximize Benefit to the Enterprise
Principle 3: Information Management is Everybody's Business
Principle 4: Business Continuity
Principle 5: Common Use Applications
Principle 6: Service Orientation
Principle 7: Compliance with Law
Principle 8: IT Responsibility
Principle 9: Protection of Intellectual Property
20.6.2 Data Principles
Principle 10: Data is an Asset
Principle 11: Data is Shared
Principle 12: Data is Accessible
Principle 13: Data Trustee
Principle 14: Common Vocabulary and Data Definitions
Principle 15: Data Security
20.6.3 Application Principles
Principle 16: Technology Independence
Principle 17: Ease-of-Use
20.6.4 Technology Principles
Principle 18: Requirements-Based Change
Principle 19: Responsive Change Management
Principle 20: Control Technical Diversity
Principle 21: Interoperability
21. Stakeholder Management
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Approach to Stakeholder Management
21.3 Steps in the Stakeholder Management Process
21.3.1 Identify Stakeholders
21.3.1.1 Sample Stakeholder Analysis
21.3.2 Classify Stakeholder Positions
21.3.3 Determine Stakeholder Management Approach
21.3.4 Tailor Engagement Deliverables
21.4 Template Stakeholder Map
22. Architecture Patterns
22.1 Introduction
22.1.1 Background
22.1.2 Content of a Pattern
22.1.3 Terminology
22.1.3.1 Architecture Patterns and Design Patterns
22.1.3.2 Patterns and the Architecture Continuum
22.1.3.3 Patterns and Views
22.1.3.4 Patterns and Business Scenarios
22.2 Some Pattern Resources
23. Gap Analysis
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Suggested Steps
23.3 Example
24. Migration Planning Techniques
24.1 Implementation Factor Assessment & Deduction Matrix
24.2 Consolidated Gaps, Solutions, & Dependencies Matrix
24.3 Architecture Definition Increments Table
24.4 Transition Architecture State Evolution Table
24.5 Business Value Assessment Technique
25. Interoperability Requirements
25.1 Overview
25.2 Defining Interoperability
25.3 Enterprise Operating Model
25.4 Refining Interoperability
25.5 Determining Interoperability Requirements
25.6 Reconciling Interoperability Requirements with Potential Solutions
Footnotes
26. Business Transformation Readiness Assessment
26.1 Introduction
26.1.1 Business Transformation Enablement Program (BTEP)
26.2 Determine Readiness Factors
26.3 Present Readiness Factors
26.4 Assess Readiness Factors
26.4.1 Readiness Factor Vision
26.4.2 Readiness Factor Rating
26.4.3 Readiness Factor Risks & Actions
26.5 Readiness and Migration Planning
26.6 Marketing the Implementation Plan
26.7 Conclusion
Footnotes
27. Risk Management
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Risk Classification
27.3 Risk Identification
27.4 Initial Risk Assessment
27.5 Risk Mitigation and Residual Risk Assessment
27.6 Conduct Residual Risk Assessment
27.7 Risk Monitoring and Governance (Phase G)
27.8 Summary
28. Capability-Based Planning
28.1 Overview
28.2 Capability-Based Planning Paradigm
28.3 Concept of Capability-Based Planning
28.3.1 Capability Dimensions
28.3.2 Capability Increments
28.4 Capabilities in an Enterprise Architecture Context
28.5 Summary
Part IV: Architecture Content Framework
29. Introduction to Part IV
29.1 Overview
29.2 Content Metamodel
29.3 Content Framework and the TOGAF ADM
29.4 Structure of Part IV
30. Content Metamodel
30.1 Overview
30.2 Content Metamodel Vision and Concepts
30.2.1 Core Content Metamodel Concepts
Core and Extension Content
Core Metamodel Entities
30.2.2 Overview of the Content Metamodel
30.3 Content Metamodel in Detail
30.3.1 Core Content Metamodel
30.3.2 Full Content Metamodel
30.4 Content Metamodel Extensions
30.4.1 Governance Extensions
Purpose
Required Extensions to the Core Metamodel
30.4.2 Services Extensions
Purpose
Required Extensions to the Core Metamodel
30.4.3 Process Modeling Extensions
Purpose
Required Extensions to the Core Metamodel
30.4.4 Data Extensions
Purpose
Required Extensions to the Core Metamodel
30.4.5 Infrastructure Consolidation Extensions
Purpose
Required Extensions to the Core Metamodel
30.4.6 Motivation Extensions
Purpose
Required Extensions to the Core Metamodel
30.5 Content Metamodel Entities
30.6 Content Metamodel Attributes
30.7 Metamodel Relationships
Footnotes
31. Architectural Artifacts
31.1 Basic Concepts
31.1.1 Simple Example of an Architecture Viewpoint and Architecture View
31.2 Developing Architecture Views in the ADM
31.2.1 General Guidelines
31.2.2 Architecture View Creation Process
31.3 Views, Tools, and Languages
31.3.1 Overview
31.4 Architecture Views and Architecture Viewpoints
31.4.1 Example of Architecture Views and Architecture Viewpoints
31.4.2 Architecture Views and Architecture Viewpoints in Enterprise Architecture
31.4.3 Need for a Common Language and Interoperable Tools for Architecture Description
31.5 Conclusions
31.6 Architectural Artifacts by ADM Phase
Catalog, Matrix, and Diagram Concept
31.6.1 Preliminary Phase
Principles Catalog
31.6.2 Phase A: Architecture Vision
Stakeholder Map Matrix
Value Chain Diagram
Solution Concept Diagram
Business Model Diagram
Business Capability Map
Value Stream Map
31.6.3 Phase B: Business Architecture
Organization/Actor Catalog
Driver/Goal/Objective Catalog
Role Catalog
Business Service/Function Catalog
Location Catalog
Process/Event/Control/Product Catalog
Contract/Measure Catalog
Business Capabilities Catalog
Value Stream Catalog
Value Stream Stages Catalog
Business Interaction Matrix
Actor/Role Matrix
Value Stream/Capability Matrix
Strategy/Capability Matrix
Capability/Organization Matrix
Business Footprint Diagram
Business Service/Information Diagram
Functional Decomposition Diagram
Product Lifecycle Diagram
Goal/Objective/Service Diagram
Business Use-Case Diagram
Organization Decomposition Diagram
Process Flow Diagram
Event Diagram
Business Capability Map
Value Stream Map
Organization Map
31.6.4 Phase C: Data Architecture
Data Entity/Data Component Catalog
Data Entity/Business Function Matrix
Application/Data Matrix
Conceptual Data Diagram
Logical Data Diagram
Data Dissemination Diagram
Data Security Diagram
Data Migration Diagram
Data Lifecycle Diagram
31.6.5 Phase C: Application Architecture
Application Portfolio Catalog
Interface Catalog
Application/Organization Matrix
Role/Application Matrix
Application/Function Matrix
Application Interaction Matrix
Application Communication Diagram
Application and User Location Diagram
Application Use-Case Diagram
Enterprise Manageability Diagram
Process/Application Realization Diagram
Software Engineering Diagram
Application Migration Diagram
Software Distribution Diagram
31.6.6 Phase D: Technology Architecture
Technology Standards Catalog
Technology Portfolio Catalog
Application/Technology Matrix
Environments and Locations Diagram
Platform Decomposition Diagram
Processing Diagram
Networked Computing/Hardware Diagram
Network and Communications Diagram
31.6.7 Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions
Project Context Diagram
Benefits Diagram
31.6.8 Requirements Management
Requirements Catalog
Footnotes
32. Architecture Deliverables
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Deliverable Descriptions
32.2.1 Architecture Building Blocks
32.2.2 Architecture Contract
Purpose
Content
32.2.3 Architecture Definition Document
Purpose
Content
32.2.4 Architecture Principles
Purpose
Content
32.2.5 Architecture Repository
Purpose
Content
32.2.6 Architecture Requirements Specification
Purpose
Content
32.2.7 Architecture Roadmap
Purpose
Content
32.2.8 Architecture Vision
Purpose
Content
32.2.9 Business Principles, Business Goals, and Business Drivers
Purpose
Content
32.2.10 Capability Assessment
Purpose
Content
32.2.11 Change Request
Purpose
Content
32.2.12 Communications Plan
Purpose
Content
32.2.13 Compliance Assessment
Purpose
Content
32.2.14 Implementation and Migration Plan
Purpose
Content
32.2.15 Implementation Governance Model
Purpose
Content
32.2.16 Organizational Model for Enterprise Architecture
Purpose
Content
32.2.17 Request for Architecture Work
Purpose
Content
32.2.18 Requirements Impact Assessment
Purpose
Content
32.2.19 Solution Building Blocks
32.2.20 Statement of Architecture Work
Purpose
Content
32.2.21 Tailored Architecture Framework
Purpose
Content
33. Building Blocks
33.1 Overview
33.2 Introduction to Building Blocks
33.2.1 Overview
33.2.2 Generic Characteristics
33.2.3 Architecture Building Blocks
33.2.3.1 Characteristics
33.2.3.2 Specification Content
33.2.4 Solution Building Blocks
33.2.4.1 Characteristics
33.2.4.2 Specification Content
33.3 Building Blocks and the ADM
33.3.1 Basic Principles
33.3.1.1 Building Blocks in Architecture Design
33.3.1.2 Building Block Design
33.3.2 Building Block Specification Process in the ADM
Footnotes
Part V: Enterprise Continuum and Tools
34. Introduction to Part V
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Structure of Part V
35. Enterprise Continuum
35.1 Overview
35.2 Enterprise Continuum and Architecture Re-Use
35.3 Constituents of the Enterprise Continuum
35.4 Enterprise Continuum in Detail
35.4.1 Architecture Continuum
Foundation Architecture
Common Systems Architectures
Industry Architectures
Organization-Specific Architectures
35.4.2 Solutions Continuum
Foundation Solutions
Common Systems Solutions
Industry Solutions
Organization-Specific Solutions
35.5 The Enterprise Continuum and the ADM
35.6 The Enterprise Continuum and Your Organization
35.6.1 Relationships
35.6.2 Your Enterprise
36. Architecture Partitioning
36.1 Overview
36.2 Applying Classification to Create Partitioned Architectures
36.2.1 Activities within the Preliminary Phase
36.3 Integration
37. Architecture Repository
37.1 Overview
37.2 Architecture Landscape
37.3 Reference Library
37.3.1 Overview
37.4 Standards Information Base
37.4.1 Overview
37.4.2 Types of Standard
37.4.3 Standards Lifecycle
37.4.4 Standards Classification within the Standards Information Base
37.5 Governance Log
37.5.1 Overview
37.5.2 Contents of the Governance Log
37.6 The Architecture Requirements Repository
37.6.1 Overview
37.6.2 Contents of the Architecture Requirements Repository
37.7 Solutions Landscape
37.8 The Enterprise Repository
37.9 External Repositories
37.9.1 External Reference Models
37.9.2 External Standards
37.9.3 Architecture Board Approvals
38. Tools for Architecture Development
38.1 Overview
38.2 Issues in Tool Standardization
Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework
39. Introduction to Part VI
39.1 Overview
39.2 Structure of Part VI
40. Establishing an Architecture Capability
40.1 Overview
40.2 Phase A: Architecture Vision
40.3 Phase B: Business Architecture
40.4 Phase C: Data Architecture
40.5 Phase C: Application Architecture
40.6 Phase D: Technology Architecture
40.7 Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions
40.8 Phase F: Migration Planning
40.9 Phase G: Implementation Governance
40.10 Phase H: Architecture Change Management
40.11 Requirements Management
41. Architecture Board
41.1 Role
41.2 Responsibilities
41.3 Setting Up the Architecture Board
41.3.1 Triggers
41.3.2 Size of the Board
41.3.3 Board Structure
41.4 Operation of the Architecture Board
41.4.1 General
41.4.2 Preparation
41.4.3 Agenda
Minutes of Previous Meeting
Requests for Change
Dispensations
Compliance Assessments
Dispute Resolution
Architecture Strategy and Direction Documentation
Actions Assigned
Contract Documentation Management
Any Other Business (AOB)
Schedule of Meetings
42. Architecture Compliance
42.1 Introduction
42.2 Terminology: The Meaning of Architecture Compliance
42.3 Architecture Compliance Reviews
42.3.1 Purpose
42.3.2 Timing
42.3.3 Governance and Personnel Scenarios
42.4 Architecture Compliance Review Process
42.4.1 Overview
42.4.2 Roles
42.4.3 Steps
42.5 Architecture Compliance Review Checklists
42.5.1 Hardware and Operating System Checklist
42.5.2 Software Services and Middleware Checklist
42.5.3 Applications Checklists
42.5.3.1 Infrastructure (Enterprise Productivity) Applications
42.5.3.2 Business Applications
42.5.3.3 Application Integration Approach
42.5.4 Information Management Checklists
42.5.4.1 Data Values
42.5.4.2 Data Definition
42.5.4.3 Security/Protection
42.5.4.4 Hosting, Data Types, and Sharing
42.5.4.5 Common Services
42.5.4.6 Access Method
42.5.5 Security Checklist
42.5.6 System Management Checklist
42.5.7 System Engineering/Overall Architecture Checklists
42.5.7.1 General
42.5.7.2 Processors/Servers/Clients
42.5.7.3 Client
42.5.7.4 Application Server
42.5.7.5 Data Server
42.5.7.6 COTS (where applicable)
42.5.8 System Engineering/Methods & Tools Checklist
42.6 Architecture Compliance Review Guidelines
42.6.1 Tailoring the Checklists
42.6.2 Conducting Architecture Compliance Reviews
43. Architecture Contracts
43.1 Role
43.2 Contents
43.2.1 Statement of Architecture Work
43.2.2 Contract between Architecture Design and Development Partners
43.2.3 Contract between Architecting Function and Business Users
43.3 Relationship to Architecture Governance
44. Architecture Governance
44.1 Introduction
44.1.1 Levels of Governance within the Enterprise
44.1.2 Nature of Governance
44.1.2.1 Governance: A Generic Perspective
44.1.2.2 Characteristics of Governance
44.1.3 Technology Governance
44.1.4 IT Governance
44.1.4.1 An IT Controls Framework - COBIT
44.1.5 Architecture Governance: Overview
44.1.5.1 Architecture Governance Characteristics
44.1.5.2 Architecture Governance as a Board-Level Responsibility
44.1.5.3 The TOGAF Standard and Architecture Governance
44.2 Architecture Governance Framework
44.2.1 Architecture Governance Framework - Conceptual Structure
44.2.1.1 Key Concepts
44.2.1.2 Key Architecture Governance Processes
Policy Management and Take-On
Compliance
Dispensation
Monitoring and Reporting
Business Control
Environment Management
44.2.2 Architecture Governance Framework - Organizational Structure
44.2.2.1 Overview
44.2.2.2 Key Areas
44.2.2.3 Operational Benefits
44.3 Architecture Governance in Practice
44.3.1 Architecture Governance - Key Success Factors
44.3.2 Elements of an Effective Architecture Governance Strategy
44.3.2.1 Architecture Governance and Corporate Politics
45. Architecture Maturity Models
45.1 Overview
45.2 Background
45.3 US DoC ACMM Framework
45.3.1 Overview
45.3.2 Elements of the ACMM
45.3.3 Example: Enterprise Architecture Process Maturity Levels
Level 0: None
Level 1: Initial
Level 2: Under Development
Level 3: Defined
Level 4: Managed
Level 5: Measured
45.4 Capability Maturity Models Integration (CMMI)
45.4.1 Introduction
45.4.2 SCAMPI Method
45.5 Conclusions
46. Architecture Skills Framework
46.1 Introduction
46.2 Need for an Enterprise Architecture Skills Framework
46.2.1 Definitional Rigor
46.2.2 Basis of an Internal Architecture Practice
46.3 Goals/Rationale
46.3.1 Certification of Enterprise Architects
46.3.2 Specific Benefits
46.4 Enterprise Architecture Role and Skill Categories
46.4.1 Overview
46.4.2 TOGAF Roles
46.4.3 Categories of Skills
46.4.4 Proficiency Levels
46.5 Enterprise Architecture Role and Skill Definitions
46.5.1 Generic Skills
46.5.2 Business Skills & Methods
46.5.3 Enterprise Architecture Skills
46.5.4 Program or Project Management Skills
46.5.5 IT General Knowledge Skills
46.5.6 Technical IT Skills
46.5.7 Legal Environment
46.6 Generic Role and Skills of the Enterprise Architect
46.6.1 Generic Role
46.6.2 Characterization in Terms of the Enterprise Continuum
46.6.3 Key Characteristics of an Enterprise Architect
46.6.3.1 Skills and Experience in Producing Designs
46.6.3.2 Extensive Technical Breadth, with Technical Depth in One or a Few Disciplines
46.6.3.3 Method-Driven Approach to Execution
46.6.3.4 Full Project Scope Experience
46.6.3.5 Leadership
46.6.3.6 Personal and Professional Skills
46.6.3.7 Skills and Experience in One or More Industries
46.7 Conclusions
Part VII: Appendices
A. Glossary of Supplementary Definitions
A.1 Application Software
A.2 Availability
A.3 Business System
A.4 Catalog
A.5 Client
A.6 COBIT
A.7 Configuration Management
A.8 Contract
A.9 Control
A.10 CxO
A.11 Data Dictionary
A.12 Data Element
A.13 Data Entity
A.14 Database
A.15 Database Management System
A.16 Driver
A.17 End User
A.18 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System
A.19 Event
A.20 Functional Decomposition
A.21 Goal
A.22 Guideline
A.23 Hardware
A.24 Information Domain
A.25 Information System (IS)
A.26 Interaction
A.27 Interaction Model
A.28 Interface
A.29 Key Performance Indicator (KPI)
A.30 Lifecycle
A.31 Location
A.32 Logical Application Component
A.33 Logical Data Component
A.34 Logical Technology Component
A.35 Managing Successful Programs (MSP)
A.36 Matrix
A.37 Measure
A.38 Metaview
A.39 Open System
A.40 Operational Governance
A.41 Packaged Services
A.42 Physical Application Component
A.43 Physical Data Component
A.44 Physical Technology Component
A.45 Portability
A.46 Portfolio
A.47 PRINCE2
A.48 Process
A.49 Product
A.50 Profile
A.51 Profiling
A.52 Program
A.53 Project
A.54 Risk Management
A.55 Scalability
A.56 Security
A.57 Server
A.58 Service Quality
A.59 SMART
A.60 Supplier Management
A.61 System
A.62 Time Period
A.63 Transaction
A.64 Use-Case
A.65 User
B. Abbreviations
TOGAF9.2
Frontmatter ............................................................................................................................... 10
Preface ............................................................................................................................................. 10
About The Open Group ........................................................................................................... 11
Trademarks.................................................................................................................................... 12
Participants ................................................................................................................................... 13
Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 14
Referenced Documents .......................................................................................................... 14
Part I: Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 18
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 18
1.1 Structure of this Document ........................................................................................... 19
1.2 Structure of the TOGAF Library ................................................................................. 20
1.3 Executive Overview ........................................................................................................... 21
1.4 Information on Using the TOGAF Standard ......................................................... 24
1.5 Why Join The Open Group? ......................................................................................... 25
2. Core Concepts .................................................................................................................... 26
2.1 What is the TOGAF Standard? .................................................................................... 27
2.2 What is Architecture in the Context of the TOGAF Standard? .................. 27
2.3 What Kind of Architecture Does the TOGAF Standard Deal With? ......... 27
2.4 Architecture Development Method ........................................................................... 28
2.5 Deliverables, Artifacts, and Building Blocks ....................................................... 29
2.6 Enterprise Continuum ...................................................................................................... 31
2.7 Architecture Repository ................................................................................................. 32
2.8 Establishing and Maintaining an Enterprise Architecture Capability .... 34
2.9 Establishing the Architecture Capability as an Operational Entity ......... 34
2.10 Using the TOGAF Standard with Other Frameworks ................................... 36
3. Definitions ............................................................................................................................ 37
3.1 Abstraction ............................................................................................................................ 37
3.2 Actor .......................................................................................................................................... 38
3.3 Application Architecture ................................................................................................ 38
3.4 Application Component .................................................................................................. 38
3.5 Application Platform ......................................................................................................... 38
3.6 Architectural Style ............................................................................................................. 38
3.7 Architecture ........................................................................................................................... 39
3.8 Architecture Building Block (ABB) ........................................................................... 39
3.9 Architecture Continuum ................................................................................................. 39
3.10 Architecture Development Method (ADM) .......................................................... 39
3.11 Architecture Domain ...................................................................................................... 39
3.12 Architecture Framework .............................................................................................. 39
3.13 Architecture Governance ............................................................................................ 39
3.14 Architecture Landscape ............................................................................................... 40
3.15 Architecture Model .......................................................................................................... 40
3.16 Architecture Principle.................................................................................................... 40
3.17 Architecture View ............................................................................................................ 40
3.18 Architecture Viewpoint ................................................................................................. 40
3.19 Architecture Vision ......................................................................................................... 41
3.20 Artifact ................................................................................................................................... 41
3.21 Baseline ................................................................................................................................ 41
3.22 Boundaryless Information Flow™ ........................................................................... 41
3.23 Building Block ................................................................................................................... 41
3.24 Business Architecture................................................................................................... 42
3.25 Business Capability ........................................................................................................ 42
3.26 Business Function .......................................................................................................... 42
3.27 Business Governance ................................................................................................... 42
3.28 Business Model ................................................................................................................ 42
3.29 Business Service ............................................................................................................. 42
3.30 Capability ............................................................................................................................. 43
3.31 Capability Architecture ................................................................................................. 43
3.32 Capability Increment ...................................................................................................... 43
3.33 Communications and Stakeholder Management............................................ 43
3.34 Concern ................................................................................................................................. 43
3.35 Course of Action .............................................................................................................. 43
3.36 Data Architecture ............................................................................................................. 43
3.37 Deliverable ........................................................................................................................... 44
3.38 Enterprise ............................................................................................................................. 44
3.39 Enterprise Continuum ................................................................................................... 44
3.40 Foundation Architecture .............................................................................................. 44
3.41 Framework ........................................................................................................................... 44
3.42 Gap .......................................................................................................................................... 44
3.43 Governance ......................................................................................................................... 45
3.44 Information .......................................................................................................................... 45
3.45 Information System Service ....................................................................................... 45
3.46 Information Technology (IT)....................................................................................... 45
3.47 Interoperability .................................................................................................................. 46
3.48 Logical ................................................................................................................................... 46
3.49 Metadata ............................................................................................................................... 46
3.50 Metamodel ........................................................................................................................... 46
3.51 Method ................................................................................................................................... 46
3.52 Modeling ............................................................................................................................... 46
3.53 Model Kind ........................................................................................................................... 46
3.54 Objective ............................................................................................................................... 46
3.55 Organization Map ............................................................................................................. 47
3.56 Pattern.................................................................................................................................... 47
3.57 Physical ................................................................................................................................. 47
3.58 Principle ................................................................................................................................ 47
3.59 Reference Model (RM) ................................................................................................... 47
3.60 Repository ........................................................................................................................... 47
3.61 Requirement ....................................................................................................................... 48
3.62 Roadmap .............................................................................................................................. 48
3.63 Role ......................................................................................................................................... 48
3.64 Segment Architecture.................................................................................................... 48
3.65 Service ................................................................................................................................... 48
3.66 Service Orientation ......................................................................................................... 49
3.67 Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) .................................................................... 49
3.68 Service Portfolio ............................................................................................................... 49
3.69 Solution Architecture..................................................................................................... 49
3.70 Solution Building Block (SBB) ................................................................................. 49
3.71 Solutions Continuum ..................................................................................................... 49
3.72 Stakeholder ......................................................................................................................... 50
3.73 Standards Information Base (SIB) .......................................................................... 50
3.74 Strategic Architecture ................................................................................................... 50
3.75 Target Architecture ......................................................................................................... 50
3.76 Taxonomy of Architecture Views ............................................................................ 50
3.77 Technology Architecture ............................................................................................. 50
3.78 Technology Component ............................................................................................... 50
3.79 Technology Service ........................................................................................................ 51
3.80 Transition Architecture ................................................................................................. 51
3.81 Value Stream ...................................................................................................................... 51
3.82 View ......................................................................................................................................... 51
3.83 Viewpoint .............................................................................................................................. 51
3.84 Viewpoint Library ............................................................................................................. 51
3.85 Work Package .................................................................................................................... 51
Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM) .................................................................. 52
4. Introduction to Part II ........................................................................................................ 52
4.1 ADM Overview ...................................................................................................................... 52
4.2 Architecture Development Cycle ............................................................................... 54
4.3 Adapting the ADM .............................................................................................................. 58
4.4 Architecture Governance ............................................................................................... 59
4.5 Scoping the Architecture ............................................................................................... 60
4.6 Architecture Integration .................................................................................................. 64
4.7 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 65
5. Preliminary Phase .............................................................................................................. 66
5.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 67
5.2 Inputs ........................................................................................................................................ 68
5.3 Steps ......................................................................................................................................... 69
5.4 Outputs .................................................................................................................................... 72
5.5 Approach ................................................................................................................................ 73
6. Phase A: Architecture Vision ......................................................................................... 79
6.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 80
6.2 Inputs ........................................................................................................................................ 81
6.3 Steps ......................................................................................................................................... 81
6.4 Outputs .................................................................................................................................... 88
6.5 Approach ................................................................................................................................ 89
7. Phase B: Business Architecture ................................................................................... 92
7.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 93
7.2 Inputs ........................................................................................................................................ 94
7.3 Steps ......................................................................................................................................... 95
7.4 Outputs .................................................................................................................................. 102
7.5 Approach .............................................................................................................................. 104
8. Phase C: Information Systems Architectures ........................................................ 111
8.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 112
8.2 Approach .............................................................................................................................. 113
9. Phase C: Information Systems Architectures - Data Architecture ................. 113
9.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 114
9.2 Inputs ...................................................................................................................................... 114
9.3 Steps ....................................................................................................................................... 115
9.4 Outputs .................................................................................................................................. 122
9.5 Approach .............................................................................................................................. 123
10. Phase C: Information Systems Architectures - Application Architecture . 125
10.1 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 125
10.2 Inputs .................................................................................................................................... 125
10.3 Steps ..................................................................................................................................... 126
10.4 Outputs ................................................................................................................................ 133
10.5 Approach ............................................................................................................................ 134
11. Phase D: Technology Architecture ......................................................................... 135
11.1 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 136
11.2 Inputs .................................................................................................................................... 137
11.3 Steps ..................................................................................................................................... 138
11.4 Outputs ................................................................................................................................ 145
11.5 Approach ............................................................................................................................ 147
12. Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions ....................................................................... 148
12.1 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 149
12.2 Inputs .................................................................................................................................... 150
12.3 Steps ..................................................................................................................................... 151
12.4 Outputs ................................................................................................................................ 156
12.5 Approach ............................................................................................................................ 157
13. Phase F: Migration Planning...................................................................................... 158
13.1 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 159
13.2 Inputs .................................................................................................................................... 160
13.3 Steps ..................................................................................................................................... 161
13.4 Outputs ................................................................................................................................ 166
13.5 Approach ............................................................................................................................ 166
14. Phase G: Implementation Governance .................................................................. 167
14.1 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 168
14.2 Inputs .................................................................................................................................... 169
14.3 Steps ..................................................................................................................................... 170
14.4 Outputs ................................................................................................................................ 172
14.5 Approach ............................................................................................................................ 173
15. Phase H: Architecture Change Management ....................................................... 174
15.1 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 175
15.2 Inputs .................................................................................................................................... 176
15.3 Steps ..................................................................................................................................... 177
15.4 Outputs ................................................................................................................................ 178
15.5 Approach ............................................................................................................................ 179
16. ADM Architecture Requirements Management ................................................... 184
16.1 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 185
16.2 Inputs .................................................................................................................................... 186
16.3 Steps ..................................................................................................................................... 186
16.4 Outputs ................................................................................................................................ 189
16.5 Approach ............................................................................................................................ 189
Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques ................................................................................. 191
17. Introduction to Part III .................................................................................................. 191
17.1 Guidelines for Adapting the ADM Process ...................................................... 192
17.2 Techniques for Architecture Development ...................................................... 192
17.3 Using the TOGAF Framework with Different Architectural Styles ...... 193
18. Applying Iteration to the ADM ................................................................................... 195
18.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 195
18.2 Iteration Cycles ............................................................................................................... 196
18.3 Classes of Architecture Engagement ................................................................. 198
18.4 Approaches to Architecture Development ....................................................... 202
18.5 Iteration Considerations ............................................................................................ 202
18.6 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 208
19. Applying the ADM Across the Architecture Landscape .................................. 209
19.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 209
19.2 Architecture Landscape ............................................................................................. 209
19.3 Organizing the Architecture Landscape to Understand the State of the
Enterprise ..................................................................................................................................... 211
19.4 Developing Architectures at Different Levels ................................................ 212
20. Architecture Principles ................................................................................................ 213
20.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 213
20.2 Characteristics of Architecture Principles ....................................................... 214
20.3 Components of Architecture Principles ............................................................ 214
20.4 Developing Architecture Principles ..................................................................... 215
20.5 Applying Architecture Principles .......................................................................... 216
20.6 Example Set of Architecture Principles ............................................................. 217
21. Stakeholder Management ........................................................................................... 231
21.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 231
21.2 Approach to Stakeholder Management ............................................................. 232
21.3 Steps in the Stakeholder Management Process ........................................... 233
21.4 Template Stakeholder Map ....................................................................................... 236
22. Architecture Patterns ................................................................................................... 249
22.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 249
22.2 Some Pattern Resources ........................................................................................... 253
23. Gap Analysis ................................................................................................................... 254
23.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 254
23.2 Suggested Steps ............................................................................................................ 255
23.3 Example .............................................................................................................................. 255
24. Migration Planning Techniques ................................................................................ 257
24.1 Implementation Factor Assessment & Deduction Matrix ........................ 257
24.2 Consolidated Gaps, Solutions, & Dependencies Matrix ........................... 258
24.3 Architecture Definition Increments Table ......................................................... 258
24.4 Transition Architecture State Evolution Table ............................................... 259
24.5 Business Value Assessment Technique ........................................................... 260
25. Interoperability Requirements .................................................................................. 261
25.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 261
25.2 Defining Interoperability ............................................................................................ 262
25.3 Enterprise Operating Model ..................................................................................... 263
25.4 Refining Interoperability ............................................................................................ 264
25.5 Determining Interoperability Requirements .................................................... 265
25.6 Reconciling Interoperability Requirements with Potential Solutions267
26. Business Transformation Readiness Assessment ............................................ 268
26.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 268
26.2 Determine Readiness Factors ................................................................................. 269
26.3 Present Readiness Factors ...................................................................................... 272
26.4 Assess Readiness Factors ....................................................................................... 273
26.5 Readiness and Migration Planning ...................................................................... 275
26.6 Marketing the Implementation Plan ..................................................................... 276
26.7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 276
27. Risk Management .......................................................................................................... 277
27.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 277
27.2 Risk Classification ........................................................................................................ 278
27.3 Risk Identification .......................................................................................................... 278
27.4 Initial Risk Assessment .............................................................................................. 279
27.5 Risk Mitigation and Residual Risk Assessment ........................................... 280
27.6 Conduct Residual Risk Assessment ................................................................... 280
27.7 Risk Monitoring and Governance (Phase G) .................................................. 281
27.8 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 281
28. Capability-Based Planning ......................................................................................... 282
28.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 282
28.2 Capability-Based Planning Paradigm ...................................................................... 283
28.3 Concept of Capability-Based Planning .................................................................... 283
28.4 Capabilities in an Enterprise Architecture Context ............................................. 286
28.5 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 287
Part IV: Architecture Content Framework ................................................................................ 288
29. Introduction to Part IV .................................................................................................. 288
29.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 288
29.2 Content Metamodel ....................................................................................................... 291
29.3 Content Framework and the TOGAF ADM ....................................................... 292
29.4 Structure of Part IV ....................................................................................................... 292
30. Content Metamodel ....................................................................................................... 292
30.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 292
30.2 Content Metamodel Vision and Concepts ........................................................ 293
30.3 Content Metamodel in Detail ................................................................................... 299
30.4 Content Metamodel Extensions ............................................................................. 302
30.5 Content Metamodel Entities ..................................................................................... 316
30.6 Content Metamodel Attributes ................................................................................ 319
30.7 Metamodel Relationships .......................................................................................... 328
31. Architectural Artifacts .................................................................................................. 334
31.1 Basic Concepts ............................................................................................................... 334
31.2 Developing Architecture Views in the ADM .................................................... 337
31.3 Views, Tools, and Languages ................................................................................. 339
31.4 Architecture Views and Architecture Viewpoints ........................................ 340
31.5 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 342
31.6 Architectural Artifacts by ADM Phase ................................................................ 342
32. Architecture Deliverables ........................................................................................... 368
32.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 368
32.2 Deliverable Descriptions ............................................................................................ 370
33. Building Blocks .............................................................................................................. 385
33.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 385
33.2 Introduction to Building Blocks ............................................................................. 385
33.3 Building Blocks and the ADM ................................................................................. 387
Part V: Enterprise Continuum and Tools .................................................................................. 390
34. Introduction to Part V ................................................................................................... 390
34.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 390
34.2 Structure of Part V ......................................................................................................... 391
35. Enterprise Continuum .................................................................................................. 391
35.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 391
35.2 Enterprise Continuum and Architecture Re-Use .......................................... 392
35.3 Constituents of the Enterprise Continuum ...................................................... 392
35.4 Enterprise Continuum in Detail .............................................................................. 394
35.5 The Enterprise Continuum and the ADM .......................................................... 400
35.6 The Enterprise Continuum and Your Organization ..................................... 401
36. Architecture Partitioning ............................................................................................. 403
36.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 403
36.2 Applying Classification to Create Partitioned Architectures ................. 404
36.3 Integration .......................................................................................................................... 407
37. Architecture Repository .............................................................................................. 409
37.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 409
37.2 Architecture Landscape ............................................................................................. 410
37.3 Reference Library .......................................................................................................... 411
37.4 Standards Information Base .................................................................................... 412
37.5 Governance Log ............................................................................................................. 415
37.6 The Architecture Requirements Repository ................................................... 416
37.7 Solutions Landscape ................................................................................................... 417
37.8 The Enterprise Repository ........................................................................................ 417
37.9 External Repositories .................................................................................................. 418
38. Tools for Architecture Development ....................................................................... 418
38.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 418
38.2 Issues in Tool Standardization .................................................................................... 419
Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework ............................................................................. 420
39. Introduction to Part VI .................................................................................................. 420
39.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 420
39.2 Structure of Part VI ....................................................................................................... 421
40. Establishing an Architecture Capability ................................................................ 422
40.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 422
40.2 Phase A: Architecture Vision .................................................................................. 423
40.3 Phase B: Business Architecture............................................................................ 424
40.4 Phase C: Data Architecture ...................................................................................... 425
40.5 Phase C: Application Architecture ....................................................................... 425
40.6 Phase D: Technology Architecture ...................................................................... 425
40.7 Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions .................................................................... 425
40.8 Phase F: Migration Planning ................................................................................... 426
40.9 Phase G: Implementation Governance .............................................................. 426
40.10 Phase H: Architecture Change Management ............................................... 426
40.11 Requirements Management ................................................................................... 426
41. Architecture Board ........................................................................................................ 426
41.1 Role ....................................................................................................................................... 427
41.2 Responsibilities .............................................................................................................. 427
41.3 Setting Up the Architecture Board ....................................................................... 428
41.4 Operation of the Architecture Board ................................................................... 430
42. Architecture Compliance ............................................................................................ 433
42.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 433
42.2 Terminology: The Meaning of Architecture Compliance ......................... 433
42.3 Architecture Compliance Reviews ....................................................................... 434
42.4 Architecture Compliance Review Process ...................................................... 438
42.5 Architecture Compliance Review Checklists ................................................. 440
42.6 Architecture Compliance Review Guidelines ................................................. 451
43. Architecture Contracts ................................................................................................ 452
43.1 Role ....................................................................................................................................... 452
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