2018 年 12 月英语六级真题及答案三套完整版
2018 年 12 月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版 第 1 套)
Part I
Writing
(30
minutes)
Directions:
ssay on
50
words
For
to
this part,
balance
how
but
no
more than
you are
allowed
30
minutes
workand
200
leisure.
words.
You
should
to
write
write
at
an
least
e
1
________________________________________________________________________
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How to Balance Work and Leisure
Just as the old saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy", which
illustrates the importance and necessity of keeping a balance between work and
leisure. However, in today's fast-paced work culture, it's difficult for most people
to successfully maintain a good balance between the two.
As for me, some tips can contribute to achieving the balance. First of all, you should
develop efficient working habits, because only in this way can you squeeze out some
leisure time. It requires you to devote your full attention to the task at hand and
complete daily work efficiently. Second, in order to relieve the fatigue and stress,
it's vital to schedule one thing that you are interested in each day and set aside
some time for relaxation. Last but not least, for those workaholics, please keep
in mind that if you work hard, you shouldn't feel guilty when you spend time on
personal leisure, for entertainment is also a part of life.
To conclude, work and leisure complement each other, so when you get tired and bored
with your daily grind, try to take some time off work to relax yourself.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of
Directions:
each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.
B) It lists the various challenges physicists arc confronting.
C) It describes how some mysteries of physics were solved.
D) It is one of the most fascinating physics books ever written.
2. A)physicists' contribution to humanity.
B) Stories about some female physicists.
C) Historical evolution of modern physics.
D) Women's changing attitudes to physics.
3. A) By exposing a lot of myths in physics.
B) By describing her own life experiences.
C) By including lots of fascinating knowledge.
D) By telling anecdotes about famous professors.
4. A) It avoids detailing abstract concepts of physics.
B) It contains a lot of thought-provoking questions.
C) It demonstrates how they can become physicists.
D) It provides experiments they can do themselves.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) He is too busy to finish his assignment in time.
B) He does not know what kind of topic to write on.
C) He does not understand the professor's instructions.
D) He has no idea how to proceed with his dissertation 论文、专题、学术演讲.
6. A) It is too broad 宽的、宽阔的.
B) It is a bit outdated 过时的、落伍的.
C) It is challenging.
D) It is interesting.
7. A) Biography 传记、档案.
B) Nature.
C) Philosophy 哲学.
D)Beauty.
8. A)Improve his cumulative grade.
B) Develop his reading ability.
C) Stick to 坚持、忠于、信守 the topic assigned.
D) List the parameters first.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage,
you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from
the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) The unprecedented 空前的、史无前例的 high temperature 高温 in Greenland.
B) The collapse of ice on the northern tip of Greenland.
C) The unusual cold spell in the Arctic area in October.
D) The rapid change of Arctic temperature within a day.
10. A) It has created a totally new climate pattern.
B) It will pose a serious threat to many species.
C) It typically appears about once every ten years.
D) It has puzzled the climate scientists for decades.
11. A) Extinction of Arctic wildlife.
B) Iceless summers in the Arctic.
C) Emigration of indigenous people.
D) Better understanding of ecosystems.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. A) A good start.
B) A detailed plan.
C) A strong determination.
D) A scientific approach.
13. A) Most people get energized after a sufficient rest.
B) Most people tend to have a finite source of energy.
C) It is vital to take breaks between demanding mental tasks.
D) It is most important to have confidence in one's willpower 意志力、毅力.
14. A) They could keep on 继续、连续不断 working longer.
B) They could do more challenging tasks.
C) They found it easier to focus on work at hand.
D) They held more positive attitudes toward life.
15. A) They are part of their nature.
B) They are subject to 受制于、服从 change.
C) They are related to culture.
D) They are beyond control.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks
followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After
you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single
line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) About half of current jobs might be automated.
B) The jobs of doctors and lawyers would be threatened.
C) The job market is becoming somewhat unpredictable.
D) Machine learning would prove disruptive by 2013.
17. A) They are widely applicable for massive open online courses.
B) They are now being used by numerous high school teachers.
C) They could read as many as 10, 000 essays in a single minute.
D) They could grade 评级、评分 high-school essays just like human teachers
18. A) It needs instructions throughout the process.
B) It does poorly on frequent, high-volume tasks.
C) It has to rely on huge amounts of previous 以前的、先前的 data.
D) It is slow when it comes to tracking novel things.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) The engineering problems with solar power.
B) The generation of steam with the latest technology.
C) The importance of exploring new energy sources.
D) The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy 可持续能源、可再生能源.
20. A) Drive trains with solar energy 太阳能.
B) Upgrade the city's train facilities.
C) Build a new ten-kilometre railway line.
D) Cut down the city's energy consumption
21. A) Build a tank for keeping calcium oxide.
B) Find a new material for storing 储存、存储 energy.
C) Recover super-heated steam.
D) Collect carbon dioxide gas.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
22. A) The lack of supervision by both the national and local governments.
B) The impact of the current economic crisis at home and abroad.
C) The poor management of day centres and home help services.
D) The poor relation between national health and social care services.
23. A) It was mainly provided by voluntary services.
B) It mainly caters to the needs of the privileged.
C) It called for a sufficient number of volunteers.
D) It has deteriorated over the past sixty years.
24. A) Their longer lifespans.
B) Fewer home helpers available.
C) Their preference for private services.
D) More of them suffering serious illnesses.
25. A) They are unable to pay for health services.
B) They have long been discriminated 辨别 against.
C) They are vulnerable to illnesses and diseases.
D) They have contributed a great deal to society.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required
to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following
the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each
choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter
for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not
use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Just off the coast of Southern California sits Santa Cruz Island, where a magical
creature called the island fox _F_26_dwells_. A decade ago, this island's ecosystem
生态系统 was in _B_27_chaos 混乱的_ Wild pigs attracted golden eagles from the
mainland, and those flying _L_28_predators 捕食者、食肉动物_ crashed the fox
population. So the Nature Conservancy launched a _H_29_fierce 凶猛、凶狠_ war against
the pigs, complete with helicopters 直升机 and sharp shooters.
And it worked. Today, federal agencies are pulling the island fox from the Endangered
Species List. It's the fastest-ever recovery of a mammal 哺乳动物, joining peers
同龄人、同事 like the Louisiana black bear as glowing successes in the history of
the Endangered 濒临灭绝的 Species Act.
But the recovery of Santa Cruz Island isn't just about the fox. The Nature Conservancy
保护、管理 has _D_30_declared_ war on a multitude of 大量、一大批 invasive 入侵的、
侵略性的 species here, from sheep to plants to the _A_31_aggressive 侵略性的、好
斗的、有进取心的_ Argentine ant 阿根廷蚂蚁."Our philosophy with the island has
always been, 'OK, _M_32_remove _ the threats and let the island go back to what it
was," says ecologist Christina Boser. And it appears to be working. Native plants
are coining back, and the fox once again bounds about carefree.
But keeping those foxes from harm will occupy Boser and her colleagues for years
to come. You see, humans are still allowed on Santa Cruz Island, and they bring dogs.
So Boser has to vaccinate her foxes against various diseases. "We're obligated to
keep a pulse on the population for at least five years after the foxes are delisted,"
says Boser. That includes tagging 标记、标签 the foxes and _K_33_monitoring 监视、
监测_ their numbers to ensure nothing goes wrong.
This is the story of the little fox that has come back, and the people who have
_E_34_dedicated 奉献_ their lives to protecting it. This is the story of wildlife
野生动植物 conservation 保护、保存、保持 in the age of mass _G_35_extinction 灭绝、
消灭_.
A) aggressive B) chaos C) configuration D) declared E) dedicated F) dwells G)
extinction H) fierce I) hinders J) mammal K) monitoring L) predators M) remove N)
tempt O) underlying
Section B
Directions:
In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements
attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.
Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the
questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Do Parents Invade Children's Privacy When They Post Photos Online?
A) When Katlyn Burbidge's son was 6 years old, he was performing some ridiculous
song and dance typical of a first-grader. But after she snapped a photo and started
using her phone, he asked her a serious question: "Are you going to post that online?"
She laughed and answered, "Yes, I think I will." What he said next stopped her. "Can
you not?"
B) That's when it dawned on her: She had been posting photos of him online without
asking his permission. "We're big advocates of bodily autonomy and not forcing him
to hug or kiss people unless he wants to, but it never occurred to me that I should
ask his permission to post photos of him online," says Burbidge, a mom of two in
Wakefield, Massachusetts. "Now when I post a photo of him online, I show him the
photo and get his okay. "
C) When her 8-month-old is 3 or 4 years old, she plans to start asking him in an
age-appropriate way, "Do you want other people to see this?" That’s precisely the
approach that two researchers advocated before a room of pediatricians (儿科医
生)last week at the American Academy of Pediatrics meeting, when they discussed
the 21st century challenge of "sharenting", a new term for parents' online sharing
about their children. "As advocates of children's rights, we believe that children
should have a voice about what information is shared about them if possible", says
Stacey Steinberg, a legal skills professor at the University of Florida Levin College
of Law in Gainesville.
D) Whether it's ensuring that your child isn't bullied over something you post, that
their identity isn't digitally "kidnapped", or that their photos don't end up on
a half dozen child pornography (色情) sites, as one Australian mom discovered,
parents and pediatricians are increasingly aware of the importance of protecting
children's digital presence. Steinberg and Bahareh Keith, an assistant professor
of pediatrics at the University of Florida College of Medicine, say most children
will likely never experience problems related to what their parents share, but a
tension still exists between parents' rights to share their experiences and their
children's rights to privacy.
E) "We're in no way trying to silence parents, voices," Steinberg says. "At the same
time, we recognize that children might have an interest in entering adulthood free
to create their own digital footprint. "They cited a study presented earlier this
year of 249 pairs of parents and their children in which twice as many children as
parents wanted rules on what parents could share. "The parents said, ‘We don't need
rules-we're fine,’ and the children said, ‘Our parents need rules,’ Keith says.
"The children wanted autonomy about this issue and were worried about their parents
sharing information about them. "
F) Although the American Academy of Pediatrics offers guidelines recommending that
parents model appropriate social media use for their children, it does not explicitly
discuss oversharing by parents. "I think this is a very legitimate concern, and I
appreciate their drawing our attention to it", David Hill, a father of five, says.
He sees a role for pediatricians to talk with parents about this,but believes the
messaging must extend far beyond pediatricians, offices. "I look forward to seeing
researchers expand our understanding of the issue so we can translate it into
effective education and policy," he says.
G) There's been little research on the topic, Steinberg wrote in a law article about
this issue. While states could pass laws related to sharing information about
children online, Steinberg feels parents themselves are generally best suited to
make these decisions for their families. "While we didn't want to create any
unnecessary panic, we did find some concerns that were troublesome, and we thought
that parents or at least physicians should be aware of those potential risks,"
Steinberg says. They include photos repurposed for inappropriate or illegal means,
identity theft, embarrassment, bullying by peers or digital kidnapping.
H) But that's the negative side, with risks that must be balanced against the benefits
of sharing. Steinberg pointed out that parental sharing on social media helps build
communities, connect spread-out families, provide support and raise awareness
around important social issues for which parents might be their children's only
voice.
I) A C. S. Mott survey found among the 56 percent of mothers and 34 percent of fathers
who discussed parenting on social media, 72 percent of them said sharing made them
feel less alone, and nearly as many said sharing helped them worry less and gave
them advice from other parents. The most common topics they discussed included kids'
sleep, nutrition, discipline, behavior problems and day care and preschool.
J) "There's this peer-to-peer nature of health care these days with a profound
opportunity for parents to learn helpful tips, safety and prevention efforts,
pro-vaccine messages and all kinds of other messages from other parents in their
social communities", says Wendy Sue Swanson, a pediatrician and executive director
of digital health at Seattle Children’s Hospital, where she blogs about her own
parenting journey to help other parents. "They're getting nurtured by people they've
already selected that they trust." she says.
K) "How do we weigh the risks, how do we think about the benefits, and how do we
alleviate the risks?" she says. "Those are the questions we need to ask ourselves,
and everyone can have a different answer."
L) Some parents find the best route for them is not to share at all. Bridget O'Hanlon
and her husband, who live in Cleveland, decided before their daughter was born that
they would not post her photos online. When a few family members did post pictures,
O'Hanlon and her husband made their wishes clear. "It's been hard not to share
pictures of her because people always want to know how babies and toddlers (学走
路的孩子)are doing and to see pictures, but we made the decision to have social
media while she did not," O'Hanlon said. Similarly, Alison Jamison of New York
decided with her husband that their child had a right to their own online identity.
They did use an invitation-only photo sharing platform so that friends and family,
including those far away, could see the photos, but they stood firm, simply refusing
to put their child's photos on other social media platforms.
M) "For most families, it's a journey. Sometimes it goes wrong, but most of the time
it doesn't, " says Swanson, who recommends starting to ask children permission to
post narratives or photos around ages 6 to 8. "We'll learn more and more what our
tolerance is. We can ask our kids to help us learn as a society what's okay and what's
not. "
N) Indeed, that learning process goes both ways. Bria Dunham, a mother in Somerville,
Massachusetts, was so excited to watch a moment of brotherly bonding while her
first-grader and baby took a bath together that she snapped a few photos. But when
she considered posting them online, she took the perspective of her son: How would
he feel if his classmates, parents saw photos of him chest-up in the bathtub? "It
made me think about how I'm teaching him to have ownership of his own body and how
what is shared today endures into the future," Dunham says. "So I kept the pictures
to myself and accepted this as one more step in supporting his increasing autonomy.
"
M
H
N
36. Steinberg argued parental sharing online can be beneficial.
37. According to an expert, when children reach school age, they can help their
parents learn what can and cannot be done.
38. One mother refrained from posting her son’s photos online when she considered
the matter from her son's perspective.
39. According to a study, more children than parents think there should be rules
on parents' sharing. E
40. Katlyn Burbidge had never realized she had to ask her son's approval to put his
photos online.
41. A mother decided not to post her son's photo online when he asked her not to.
A
42. A woman pediatrician tries to help other parents by sharing her own parenting
experience.
43. There are people who decide simply not to share their children's photos
online.
44. Parents and physicians should realize sharing information online about children
may involve risks.
45. Parents who share their parenting experiences may find themselves intruding into
their children's privacy.D
B
J
L
G
Section C
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
Directions:
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked
A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Perhaps it is time for farmers to put their feet up now that robots are used to inspect
crops, dig up weeds, and even have become shepherds, too. Commercial growing fields
are astronomically huge and take thousands of man-hours to operate. One prime example
is one of Australia's most isolated cattle stations, Suplejack Downs in the Northern
Territory, extending across 4,000 square kilometers, taking over 13 hours to reach
by car from the nearest major town—Alice Springs.