2007 年上海海事大学英汉互译考研真题 ote:try to improve your translations again and again until the and of the time allotted (3 hours) 1 Put the following passage into Chinese∶（本题满分 75 分） Japanese Character The uriqueness" of the Japanese character is the result of two seemingly contradictory forces: the strength of traditions, and selective receptivity to foreign achievements and inventions. As early as the I860s,there were counter movements to the traditional orientation. Yukichi Fukuzawa, the mnost eloquent spokesman of Japan's"Enlightenment,"claimed"The Confucian civilization of the East seems to me to lack two things possessed by Western civilization: science in the material spherc and a sense of independence in the spiritual sphere."Fukuzawa's great influence is found in the free and individualistic philosophy of the Education Code of 1872, but he was not able to prevent the government from turming back to the canons of Confucian thought in the Imperial Prescript" of 1890.Another intcrlude of relative liberalism followed World War I, when the democratic idealism of President Woodrow Wilson had an important impact on Japanese intelectuals and, especially students; but more important was the Leninist ideology of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution.Again,in the early 1930s, nationalism and militarism became dominant, largely as a result of failing economic conditions. Following the end of World War II, substantial changes were undcrtaken in Japan to liberate the individual from authoritarian restraints. The new democratic value system was accepted by many teachers, students,intellectuals, and old liberals, but it was not immediately whraced by the society as a whole.Japanese traditions were dominated by group vaiues, and notions 

of personal freedom and individual rights were unfamilia. Today, democratic processes are clearly evident in the widespread participation of the Japanese people in social and political life; yet, there is no universally accepted and stable value system. Values are constantly modified by strong infusions of Western ideas, both democratic and Marxist. School textbooks expound democratic principles,emphasizing equality over hierarchyand rationalismover tradition; but in practice these values are often misinterpreted and distorted, particularly by the youth who translate the individualistic and humanistic goals of democracy into egoistic and materialistic ones, Most Japanese people have consciously rejected Confucianism, but vestiges of the old order remain,An important feature of relationships in many institutions such as political parties,large corporations, and umiversity faculties is the parent-child relation. A party leader, supervisor, or professor, in retum for loyalty, protects those subordinate to him and takes general responsibility for their interests throughout their entire lives, an obligation that sometimes even extends to arranging marriages. The corresponding loyalty of the individual to his patron reinforces his allegiance"to the group to which they both belong. A willingness to cooperate with other members of the group and to support the interests of the group in all its extermal relations is still a widely respected virtue. The parent-child relation creates ladders of mobility which an individual can ascend, rising as far as abilities permit,so long as he maintains sucessful personal ties with a superior in the vertical channel, the latter requirement usually taking precedence over a need for exceptional competence. As a consequence, there is little horizontal relationship between even within the same profession. 注释; ①uniqueness∶独一无二 ②Yukichi Fukuzawa∶ 福泽渝吉 ③canon∶ 行为或思想规范 ④Impenal Prescript∶《教育救语》 ⑤ hierarchy.等级制度 

⑥rationalism∶ 理性主义，唯理论 ⑦egoistic∶利己主义的，自我为中心的 ⑧allcgiance;（对于国王、国家、观点之）忠诚，拥护 ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ————————————————————— 2 Put the fllowing passage into English（本题满分 75 分） 博客能不能代替阅读? 2005 年新浪 blog2.0 的推出，使得博客一时间成为网络虚拟世界里的新宠。现在至少 70?? 网民都是博客用户，以至于眼下的时代被称为"博客时代"。于是，有人预言∶"20 年内，博 客必将取代图书"，"博客时代，人们不要再读书了"。也有人担心∶"有了博客，读书的人将 越来越少。"其实，这种预言是没有根据的，这种担心也属杞人忧天。因为博客的实质只不 过是一种"网络日志"，即在网页上按照时间顺序排列个人信息的一种记录形式。博客的最大 特点就是利用网络空间，发表自己的观点主张，最大程度地彰显个人的自主性或独立性。尽 管它正在成为一种越来越重要的文化载体甚至社会载体，但是无论如何都不可能取代最古老 的知识传承方式—一读书。博客能不能代替阅读?答案是否定的。就像收音机、电视、手机 短信、网络聊天的出现尽管冲击了传统的阅读方式，但始终不可能真正代替阅读本身一样。 ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————