Ansoft12在工程电磁场中的应用.pdf

发布时间：2022-06-09 发布人：admin 分类：说明书资料大小：13.20M 资料格式：pdf 举报版权申诉

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内容提要

前言

读者对象

本书特色

分工与致谢

正文

第一章Ansoft二维使用基础

第二章二维电磁场理论及有限元理论初步

第三章Ansoft的二维电场应用

第四章Ansoft二维稳态磁场应用

第五章Ansoft二维瞬态磁场应用

第六章Ansoft三维使用基础

第七章三维电磁场有限元理论

第八章Ansoft三维电场应用

第九章Ansoft三维静磁场应用

第十章Ansoft三维涡流场应用

第十一章Ansoft三维瞬态磁场应用

第十二章RMxprt电机模块应用

本书全面系统地介绍 Ansoft Maxwell 的使用。本书分为三篇：第 1 篇为 Ansoft 的二维求解过程，介绍 Ansoft 12 的二维各求解器模块的基本知识和建模流程，在每个求解器模块的介绍中都按照功能和计算对象不同分成章节，并给出贴近工程实际的案例。第 2 篇介绍 Ansoft Maxwell 12 三维求解器的使用，同样在该部分中结合实际工程，给出各个三维求解器下的学习例程。上述两部分涉及到静磁场、静电场、交直流传导电场、瞬态电场、涡流场、瞬态磁场等基本电磁求解模块。第 3 篇针对 RMxprt 旋转电机分析专家系统，给出三相感应电机例程，从磁路的角度介绍电机专家系统的应用。本书一改软件参考书的编写方式，所有模型均来自于实际工程，从模型建立、激励源施加、边界条件给定到后期的场图提取均围绕着实际工程模型。读者不但能够迅速掌握 Ansoft Maxwell 操作方法，而且能对具体的工程问题进行独立的分析。此外，本书赠送模型和结果文件光盘，以最大限度地提高读者的学习效率。本书可作为理工科院校相关专业的高年级本科生、研究生学习 Ansoft Maxwell 的教材，也可作为广大工程技术人员和科研工作者使用 Ansoft 的参考书。

前言 Ansoft Maxwell 作为世界著名的商用低频电磁场有限元软件之一，在各个工程电磁领域都得到了广泛的应用。它基于麦克斯韦微分方程，采用有限元离散形式，将工程中的电磁场计算转变为庞大的矩阵求解，在保证其计算的准确性和快捷性的前提下，新版软件在操作界面上做了极大的调整，更加符合 Windows 操作习惯，其中工程树和右键菜单都给使用者耳目一新的感觉。除了界面上的创新，新版 Ansoft 还具有分布式计算和并行计算的优点，以从容面对日益增大的仿真模型，此外还添加了瞬态电磁计算等新功能。Ansoft 不仅可以对单个电磁机构进行数值计算，还可以对整个系统进行联合仿真。作为我国引入较早的一款电磁场有限元软件，其使用领域遍及电器、机械、石油化工、汽车、冶金、水利水电、航空航天、船舶、电子、核工业、兵器等众多行业，为各领域的科学研究和工程应用做出了巨大的贡献。本书全面系统地介绍 Ansoft Maxwell 12 的基本使用方法。本书共分为三篇：第 1 篇介绍二维有限元基本原理，接着按照功能模块分类的形式以及各个模块的应用范围配备实际的工程模型，尽量做到将复杂的软件应用与工程实例相结合。其中包括二维模型建立、静磁场、涡流场、瞬态磁场、静电场和交直流传到电场等内容。第 2 篇介绍三维电磁场的应用，同样结合三维实际工程模型，将难以理解的三维电磁理论通过 Step by Step 的方式进行描述，本书的例程都来自工程和科研的实践，一改实例简单且与实际工程脱节的现状。第 3 篇介绍 RMxprt 旋转电机分析专家模块，该模块能分析较多的电机种类，通过对实际应用中的一台三相异步电机的分析，介绍 RMxprt 模块的应用。希望通过本书的学习，读者不仅可以初步掌握 Ansoft Maxwell 12，而且可以针对不同的实际问题迅速准确地建立其数值计算模型。读者对象本书可作为理工科院校相关专业的高年级本科生、研究生学习 Ansoft Maxwell 12 版软件的教材，也可作为广大工程技术人员和科研工作者掌握 Ansoft Maxwell 的参考书。本书特色本书的基础和实例详解并重，既是 Ansoft Maxwell 12 初学者的学习教材，也可作为对 Ansoft Maxwell 12 有一定了解的用户制定工程问题分析方案、精通高级前后处理与求解技术的参考书。注重理论和实际相结合，书中的例子均是来自实际应用。有限元软件的应用难点是如何将实际工程分解成各个对应的 Ansoft 分析模块，通过分析各个功能模块中的模型，将复杂的实际工程模型转变为简单的问题。有限元软件的使用有一定的技巧，而使用技巧的积累需要经验积累，笔者将许多应用技巧融汇于工程实例中，通过潜移默化的方式使读者在学习过程中更规范、更准确地应用 Ansoft 来实现分析。在本书例子的选取方面，尽量采用实际生产领域中的模型，以往的软件学习书籍多

采用自带模型，这类模型虽能描述主要功能，但多与实际工程脱节。本书一改这种写作风格，将高深的学术理论弱化，突出 Ansoft 在实际中的应用过程，侧重于利用 Ansoft 协助分析和解决问题。本书中所有的例子都可以按照书中给出的步骤实现，本书的模型和结果文件也随书光盘一起赠送，以最大限度地提高读者的学习效率。分工与致谢本书由哈尔滨工业大学的赵博和张洪亮共同编写，具体分工如下：赵博负责本书的框架构思及第 1、3、6～8 和 10～12 章的编写和统稿工作，张洪亮编写本书的第 2、4、5、9 章，最后还需要感谢 http://bbs.simol.cn 西莫电机论坛中的各位朋友，书中的一部分例子出自论坛。在本书的编写过程中，还要感谢中国水利水电出版社老师的辛苦努力，正是他们辛苦的付出，才使本书能在第一时间和读者见面。由于时间仓促，作者水平有限，书中错误、纰漏之处在所难免，敬请广大读者批评指正。

目录前言第 1 篇 Ansoft 二维分析技术第 1 章 Maxwell 2D快速上手 ································· 2 1.1 初识Maxwell 2D的界面环境 ························ 2 1.2 Maxwell 2D的模型绘制 ······························· 4 1.2.1 曲线模型的绘制 ···································· 5 1.2.2 曲面模型的绘制 ···································· 9 1.3 Maxwell 2D的材料管理 ····························· 11 1.3.1 常用硅钢片材料的添加 ······················ 12 1.3.2 永磁材料的添加 ·································· 16 1.4 Maxwell 2D的边界条件和激励源 ·············· 18 1.4.1 Maxwell 2D的边界条件 ······················ 18 1.4.2 Maxwell 2D的激励源设置 ·················· 24 1.5 Maxwell 2D的网格剖分和求解设置 ·········· 31 1.5.1 Maxwell 2D的网格剖分设置 ·············· 31 1.5.2 Maxwell 2D的求解设置 ······················ 35 1.6 Maxwell 2D的后处理操作流程 ·················· 40 1.6.1 求解场图的查看 ·································· 40 1.6.2 路径上场量的查看 ······························ 43 1.6.3 场计算器的应用 ·································· 44 1.7 本章小结 ····················································· 46 第 2 章二维电磁场理论和有限元基础 ················ 47 2.1 二维电磁场基本理论 ································· 47 2.1.1 麦克斯韦方程 ····································· 47 2.1.2 位函数及其微分方程 ·························· 48 2.1.3 电磁场中的边界条件 ·························· 50 2.2 二维有限元计算方法 ································· 51 2.2.1 二维有限元法 ····································· 51 2.2.2 电磁场求解后处理 ······························ 55 2.3 Maxwell 2D静磁场分析 ····························· 56 2.3.1 静磁分析理论 ····································· 56 2.3.2 磁链与电感矩阵的计算 ······················ 57 2.3.3 静磁力和力矩的计算 ·························· 59 2.4 Maxwell 2D涡流场分析 ····························· 59 2.4.1 涡流分析理论 ····································· 59 2.4.2 涡流与集肤效应 ································· 60 2.4.3 涡流分析中的阻抗矩阵 ······················ 61 2.4.4 涡流分析中的力和力矩 ······················ 63 2.5 Maxwell 2D瞬态磁分析 ····························· 64 2.5.1 瞬态磁分析理论 ································· 64 2.5.2 铰链导体 ············································· 64 2.5.3 实体导体 ············································· 65 2.6 认识Ansoft电磁场求解器 ·························· 65 2.7 本章小结 ···················································· 67 第 3 章 Ansoft二维电场分析 ································ 68 3.1 二维静电场（Electrostatic）应用 ·············· 68 3.1.1 工程模型描述 ····································· 68 3.1.2 电缆接口模型的前处理 ······················ 69 3.1.3 电缆接头模型的计算和后处理 ·········· 76 3.2 交流传导电场（AC Conduction）应用 ····· 79 3.2.1 电缆接头模型前处理 ·························· 79 3.2.2 电缆接头模型后处理 ·························· 81 3.3 直流传导电场（DC Conduction）应用 ····· 83 3.3.1 电缆接头模型前处理 ·························· 84 3.3.2 电缆接头模型后处理 ·························· 87 3.4 本章小结 ···················································· 90 第 4 章二维稳态磁场的求解 ······························· 91 4.1 永磁同步电机静磁场分析实例 ·················· 91 4.1.1 问题描述 ············································· 91 4.1.2 创建项目 ············································· 91 4.1.3 构建几何模型 ····································· 95 4.1.4 材料定义及分配 ································104 4.1.5 激励源与边界条件定义及加载 ·········109 4.1.6 求解选项参数设定 ···························· 111 4.1.7 后处理 ················································ 113 4.1.8 保存结果退出 ···································· 118

4.2 感应电机涡流场分析实例 ························ 119 4.2.1 问题描述 ··········································· 119 4.2.2 创建项目 ··········································· 119 4.2.3 构建模型 ··········································· 119 4.2.4 材料属性分配 ··································· 123 4.2.5 激励与边界条件 ································ 124 4.2.6 求解设定 ··········································· 126 4.2.7 求解观察 ··········································· 127 4.2.8 结果保存 ··········································· 129 4.3 本章小结 ··················································· 129 第 5 章二维瞬态磁场的分析 ····························· 130 5.1 无刷直流电机空载瞬态磁场分析实例 ···· 130 5.1.1 问题描述 ··········································· 130 5.1.2 创建项目 ··········································· 131 5.1.3 创建电机几何模型 ···························· 131 5.1.4 材料定义及分配 ································ 135 5.1.5 激励源与边界条件定义及加载 ········· 137 5.1.6 运动选项设置 ··································· 141 5.1.7 求解选项参数设定 ···························· 142 5.1.8 求解及后处理 ··································· 144 5.1.9 保存结果退出 ··································· 153 5.2 无刷直流电机负载瞬态磁场分析实例 ·····153 5.2.1 问题描述 ············································153 5.2.2 控制电压电路设置 ····························154 5.2.3 电机驱动主回路电路设置 ·················159 5.2.4 电机电路设置 ····································163 5.2.5 电路与有限元连接 ····························166 5.2.6 机械运动设置 ····································168 5.2.7 机械稳态后处理 ································169 5.2.8 机械瞬态后处理 ································171 5.2.9 保存结果退出 ····································174 5.3 圆筒直线永磁电机瞬态磁场分析实例 ·····174 5.3.1 问题描述 ············································175 5.3.2 创建项目 ············································175 5.3.3 创建电机几何模型 ····························176 5.3.4 材料定义及分配 ································179 5.3.5 激励源与边界条件定义及加载 ·········180 5.3.6 运动选项设置 ····································183 5.3.7 求解选项参数设定 ····························184 5.3.8 求解及后处理 ····································186 5.3.9 保存结果退出 ····································189 5.4 本章小结 ···················································189 第 2 篇 Ansoft 三维电磁场的应用第 6 章 Maxwell 3D 使用基础 ···························· 192 6.1 Maxwell 3D 的模型绘制 ·························· 192 6.1.1 实体模型的绘制 ································ 192 6.1.2 实体模型的绘制 ································ 195 6.2 Maxwell 3D 的求解器和材料库 ··············· 201 6.3 Maxwell 3D 的激励源和边界条件 ··········· 201 6.4 Maxwell 3D 的网格剖分和求解设置 ······· 207 6.5 Maxwell 3D 的后处理操作 ······················· 211 6.5.1 三维物体内的场图绘制 ···················· 211 6.5.2 已知路径上的场图绘制 ···················· 214 6.6 本章小结 ··················································· 215 第 7 章三维电磁场有限元基础 ························· 216 7.1 三维网格剖分单元和系数矩阵建立 ········ 216 7.1.1 三维网格剖分单元类型 ···················· 216 7.1.2 四面体单元类型的基函数 ················ 217 7.1.3 基于四面体单元的系数矩阵 ············ 220 7.2 三维电磁场计算原理 ································221 7.2.1 三维电场计算原理 ····························221 7.2.2 三维静磁场计算原理 ·························221 7.2.3 三维涡流场计算原理 ·························222 7.2.4 三维瞬态场计算原理 ·························223 7.3 本章小结 ···················································224 第 8 章 Ansoft 三维电场应用 ······························225 8.1 三维静电场的使用 ····································225 8.1.1 三维模型的绘制 ································225 8.1.2 激励源和边界条件设定 ·····················228 8.1.3 剖分和求解设定 ································229 8.1.4 静电场后处理场图查看 ·····················230 8.2 三维直流传导电场使用 ····························231 8.3 三维瞬态电场的使用 ································236 8.3.1 三维实体模型绘制 ····························236 8.3.2 激励源设定和网格设定 ·····················237

8.3.3 求解设定和后处理 ···························· 240 8.4 本章小结 ··················································· 243 第 9 章三维静磁场应用 ····································· 244 9.1 平板型直线永磁电机 3D 静磁场分析 ······ 244 9.1.1 问题描述 ··········································· 244 9.1.2 创建项目 ··········································· 245 9.1.3 创建电机几何模型 ···························· 245 9.1.4 材料定义及分配 ································ 249 9.1.5 激励源与边界条件定义及加载 ········· 251 9.1.6 求解选项参数设定 ···························· 252 9.1.7 后处理 ··············································· 254 9.2 三维静磁场中的参数化求解 ···················· 259 9.2.1 三维线圈参数建模 ···························· 260 9.2.2 三维线圈参数化激励源施加 ············ 262 9.2.3 三维线圈材料给定 ···························· 263 9.2.4 三维线圈参数化求解 ························ 264 9.2.5 三维线圈电感参数计算结果 ············ 266 9.3 本章小结 ··················································· 266 第 10 章 Ansoft 三维涡流场应用 ······················· 267 10.1 鼠笼型感应电动机三维模型建立 ·········· 267 10.1.1 问题描述 ··········································267 10.1.2 三维鼠笼电机模型建立 ···················267 10.1.3 在 Maxwell 3D 界面内建模 ·············268 10.1.4 使用自带快速建模工具建模 ···········277 10.1.5 利用三维机械 CAD 软件建模 ·········283 10.2 鼠笼型感应电动机材料和激励添加 ·······285 10.2.1 三维鼠笼电机材料的添加 ···············285 10.2.2 三维鼠笼电机激励源和边界条件 ···290 10.3 鼠笼型感应电动机参数和求解设置 ·······296 10.4 鼠笼型感应电动机计算结果及后处理 ···297 10.5 本章小结 ·················································302 第 11 章 Ansoft 三维瞬态磁场应用 ····················303 11.1 电磁失电制动器三维实体建模 ···············303 11.1.1 电磁失电制动器工作背景 ···············303 11.1.2 电磁失电制动器三维模型建立 ·······304 11.2 电磁失电制动器材料和激励给定 ··········· 311 11.3 电磁失电制动器剖分和求解设定 ···········320 11.4 电磁失电制动器瞬态计算结果 ···············325 11.5 本章小结 ·················································328 第 3 篇 Ansoft 旋转电机分析第 12 章 RMxprt电机性能分析 ··························· 330 12.1 RMxprt在三相异步电动机中的应用 ······ 330 12.1.1 工程模型描述 ·································· 331 12.1.2 RMxprt使用前的准备工作 ·············· 332 12.1.3 Y160M-4 电机的参数设定 ·············· 333 12.1.4 Y160M-4 电机的仿真设定 ·············· 344 12.1.5 Y160M-4 电机的计算及结果察看 ·· 345 12.2 RMxprt与Maxwell 2D/3D的耦合 ············348 12.2.1 RMxprt导入至Maxwell 2D 有限元模快 ·····································349 12.2.2 RMxprt导入至Maxwell 3D 有限元模块 ·····································351 12.3 RMxprt模块下的参数分析 ······················352 12.4 本章小结 ·················································359

第一章 Ansoft 二维使用基础本章主要介绍了 Ansoft V12 版本二维有限元软件的操作基础，Ansoft 除了计算的准确度、快速性之外，还应该具有操作简单、使用快捷等优点，但是再好的软件也需要读者经过一定时间学习之后才能上手。本章将二维有限元操作中的共性问题提出，希望通过对本章的学习，能在最短的时间内上手 Ansoft V12，并对 Ansoft 有限元的流程有一定的了解。 1

第一章 Maxwell 2D 使用基础本章导读： Ansoft V12 有限元计算软件，在不同的计算模块中，有不同的计算侧重点，但作为有限元软件，其计算流程和绘制模型、材料添加、后处理等操作又具有相当大程度的相似性，所以将相似性较高的部分取出，单独成章，方便阅读和查阅，而不具备通用性的内容则尽量在各相关章节给予说明。本章内容包括：认识 Maxwell 2D 的界面环境 Maxwell 2D 的模型绘制 Maxwell 2D 的材料管理 Maxwell 2D 的边界条件和激励源 Maxwell 2D 的网格剖分和求解设置 Maxwell 2D 的后处理操作流程 1.1 初识 Maxwell 2D 的界面环境 Maxwell 2D 界面与上一版本相比较改动较大，基本上已经颠覆了老版本的界面和操作方式，所以对于部分软件的老用户来讲，需要从新熟悉新版本的操作。因此，本章先介绍一下操作界面，如图 1-1 所示的是 Maxwell 2D 的操作界面，在菜单工具栏下，主要有 6 个工作区域。图 1-1 Maxwell V12 2D 操作界面 2

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