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A Practical Guide to Ubuntu Linux 3rd Edition (English) pdf.pdf
CONTENTS
List of JumpStarts
Preface
CHAPTER 1: WELCOME TO LINUX
Ubuntu Linux
The History of UNIX and GNU–Linux
The Heritage of Linux: UNIX
Fade to 1983
Next Scene, 1991
The Code Is Free
Have Fun!
What Is So Good About Linux?
Why Linux Is Popular with Hardware Companies and Developers
Linux Is Portable
The C Programming Language
Overview of Linux
Linux Has a Kernel Programming Interface
Linux Can Support Many Users
Linux Can Run Many Tasks
Linux Provides a Secure Hierarchical Filesystem
The Shell: Command Interpreter and Programming Language
A Large Collection of Useful Utilities
Interprocess Communication
System Administration
Additional Features of Linux
GUIs: Graphical User Interfaces
(Inter)Networking Utilities
Software Development
Conventions Used in This Book
Chapter Summary
Exercises
PART I: INSTALLING UBUNTU LINUX
CHAPTER 2: INSTALLATION OVERVIEW
The Live/Install Desktop CD and the Live/Install DVD
More Information
Planning the Installation
The Installation Process
Downloading and Burning a CD/DVD
Gathering Information About the System
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 3: STEP-BY-STEP INSTALLATION
Booting from a Live/Install Desktop CD or a Live/Install DVD
Graphical Partition Editors
Upgrading to a New Release
Installing KDE
Setting Up a Dual-Boot System
Advanced Installation
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
PART II: GETTING STARTED WITH UBUNTU LINUX
CHAPTER 4: INTRODUCTION TO UBUNTU LINUX
Curbing Your Power: root Privileges/sudo
A Tour of the Ubuntu Desktop
Getting the Most Out of the Desktop
Updating, Installing, and Removing Software Packages
Where to Find Documentation
More About Logging In
Working from the Command Line
Controlling Windows: Advanced Operations
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 5: THE LINUX UTILITIES
Special Characters
Basic Utilities
Working with Files
| (Pipe): Communicates Between Processes
Four More Utilities
Compressing and Archiving Files
Locating Commands
Obtaining User and System Information
Communicating with Other Users
Email
Tutorial: Using vim to Create and Edit a File
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 6: THE LINUX FILESYSTEM
The Hierarchical Filesystem
Directory Files and Ordinary Files
Pathnames
Working with Directories
Access Permissions
ACLs: Access Control Lists
Links
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 7: THE SHELL
The Command Line
Standard Input and Standard Output
Running a Command in the Background
Filename Generation/Pathname Expansion
Builtins
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
PART III: DIGGING INTO UBUNTU LINUX
CHAPTER 8: LINUX GUIS: X AND GNOME
X Window System
The Nautilus File Browser Window
The Nautilus Spatial View
GNOME Utilities
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 9: THE BOURNE AGAIN SHELL
Background
Shell Basics
Parameters and Variables
Special Characters
Processes
History
Aliases
Functions
Controlling bash: Features and Options
Processing the Command Line
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 10: NETWORKING AND THE INTERNET
Types of Networks and How They Work
Communicate over a Network
Network Utilities
Distributed Computing
Usenet
WWW: World Wide Web
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
PART IV: SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION
CHAPTER 11: SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION: CORE CONCEPTS
Running Commands with root Privileges
The Upstart Event-Based init Daemon
System Operation
Avoiding a Trojan Horse
Getting Help
Textual System Administration Utilities
Setting Up a Server
nsswitch.conf: Which Service to Look at First
PAM
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 12: FILES, DIRECTORIES, AND FILESYSTEMS
Important Files and Directories
File Types
Filesystems
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 13: DOWNLOADING AND INSTALLING SOFTWARE
JumpStart: Installing and Removing Packages Using aptitude
Finding the Package That Holds a File You Need
APT: Keeps the System Up-to-Date
dpkg: The Debian Package Management System
BitTorrent
Installing Non-dpkg Software
wget: Downloads Files Noninteractively
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 14: PRINTING WITH CUPS
Introduction
JumpStart I: Configuring a Local Printer
system-config-printer: Configuring a Printer
JumpStart II: Setting Up a Local or Remote Printer Using the CUPS Web Interface
Traditional UNIX Printing
Configuring Printers
Printing from Windows
Printing to Windows
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 15: BUILDING A LINUX KERNEL
Prerequisites
Downloading the Kernel Source Code
Read the Documentation
Configuring and Compiling the Linux Kernel
Installing the Kernel, Modules, and Associated Files
Rebooting
GRUB: The Linux Boot Loader
dmesg: Displays Kernel Messages
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 16: ADMINISTRATION TASKS
Configuring User and Group Accounts
Backing Up Files
Scheduling Tasks
System Reports
parted: Reports on and Partitions a Hard Disk
Keeping Users Informed
Creating Problems
Solving Problems
MySQL
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 17: CONFIGURING AND MONITORING A LAN
Setting Up the Hardware
Configuring the Systems
NetworkManager: Configures Network Connections
Setting Up Servers
Introduction to Cacti
More Information
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
PART V: USING CLIENTS AND SETTING UP SERVERS
CHAPTER 18: OPENSSH: SECURE NETWORK COMMUNICATION
Introduction to OpenSSH
Running the ssh, scp, and sftp OpenSSH Clients
Setting Up an OpenSSH Server (sshd)
Troubleshooting
Tunneling/Port Forwarding
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 19: FTP: TRANSFERRING FILES ACROSS A NETWORK
Introduction to FTP
Running the ftp and sftp FTP Clients
Setting Up an FTP Server (vsftpd)
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 20: EXIM4: SETTING UP MAIL SERVERS, CLIENTS, AND MORE
Introduction to exim4
Setting Up a Mail Server (exim4)
Working with exim4 Messages
Configuring an exim4 Mail Server
SpamAssassin
Additional Email Tools
Authenticated Relaying
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 21: NIS AND LDAP
Introduction to NIS
Running an NIS Client
Setting Up an NIS Server
LDAP
Setting Up an LDAP Server
Other Tools for Working with LDAP
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 22: NFS: SHARING FILESYSTEMS
Introduction to NFS
Running an NFS Client
Setting Up an NFS Server
automount: Mounts Directory Hierarchies on Demand
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 23: SAMBA: LINUX AND WINDOWS FILE AND PRINTER SHARING
Introduction to Samba
Setting Up a Samba Server
Working with Linux Shares from Windows
Working with Windows Shares from Linux
Troubleshooting
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 24: DNS/BIND: TRACKING DOMAIN NAMES AND ADDRESSES
Introduction to DNS
Setting Up a DNS Server
Setting Up Different Types of DNS Servers
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 25: FIRESTARTER, GUFW, AND IPTABLES: SETTING UP A FIREWALL
Introduction to firestarter
firestarter: Setting Up and Maintaining a Firewall
ufw: The Uncomplicated Firewall
gufw: The Graphical Interface to ufw
Introduction to iptables
Building a Set of Rules Using iptables
Copying Rules to and from the Kernel
Sharing an Internet Connection Using NAT
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 26: APACHE: SETTING UP A WEB SERVER
Introduction
Running a Web Server (Apache)
Configuration Directives
Configuration Files
Advanced Configuration
Troubleshooting
Modules
webalizer: Analyzes Web Traffic
MRTG: Monitors Traffic Loads
Error Codes
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
PART VI: PROGRAMMING TOOLS
CHAPTER 27: PROGRAMMING THE BOURNE AGAIN SHELL
Control Structures
File Descriptors
Parameters and Variables
Builtin Commands
Expressions
Shell Programs
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
CHAPTER 28: THE PERL SCRIPTING LANGUAGE
Introduction to Perl
Variables
Control Structures
Working with Files
Sort
Subroutines
Regular Expressions
CPAN Modules
Examples
Chapter Summary
Exercises
Advanced Exercises
PART VII: APPENDIXES
APPENDIX A: REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
Characters
Delimiters
Simple Strings
Special Characters
Rules
Bracketing Expressions
The Replacement String
Extended Regular Expressions
Appendix Summary
APPENDIX B: HELP
Solving a Problem
Finding Linux-Related Information
Specifying a Terminal
APPENDIX C: SECURITY
Encryption
File Security
Email Security
Network Security
Host Security
Security Resources
Appendix Summary
APPENDIX D: THE FREE SOFTWARE DEFINITION
GLOSSARY
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MAIN INDEX
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Praise for Previous Editions of A Practical
Guide to Ubuntu Linux
®
“I am so impressed by how Mark Sobell can approach a complex topic
in such an understandable manner. His command examples are espe-
cially useful in providing a novice (or even an advanced) administrator
with a cookbook on how to accomplish real-world tasks on Linux. He
is truly an inspired technical writer!”
—George Vish II
Senior Education Consultant
Hewlett-Packard Company
“Overall, I think it’s a great, comprehensive Ubuntu book that’ll be a
valuable resource for people of all technical levels.”
—John Dong
Ubuntu Forum Council Member
Backports Team Leader
“The JumpStart sections really offer a quick way to get things up and
running, allowing you to dig into the details of the book later.”
—Scott Mann
Aztek Networks
“This entire book is a real boon to any neophyte who does not have a
solid handle on getting their own answers. That group is the one that I
think will benefit the most from A Practical Guide to Ubuntu Linux®.
Random access is easy, but reading cover to cover would also give one
a nice foundational understanding of getting the most out of their
machine and even enough guidance to get their feet wet in the sysadmin
world. Anyone thrown into owning an Ubuntu server may find this to
be a handy lifeline.”
—JR Peck
Editor
GeekBook.org
“Very well thought out and simplified. [I] would buy another book from
this author (Mark Sobell).”
—Greg Dye
Electronic Tech
“Ubuntu is gaining popularity at the rate alcohol did during Prohibition,
and it’s great to see a well-known author write a book on the latest and
greatest version. Not only does it contain Ubuntu-specific information,
but it also touches on general computer-related topics, which will help
the average computer user to better understand what’s going on in the
background. Great work, Mark!”
—Daniel R. Arfsten
Pro/ENGINEER Drafter/Designer
“I would so love to be able to use this book to teach a class about not
just Ubuntu or Linux but about computers in general. It is thorough
and well written with good illustrations that explain important con-
cepts for computer usage.”
—Nathan Eckenrode
New York Local Community Team
“I read a lot of Linux technical information every day, but I’m rarely
impressed by tech books. I usually prefer online information sources
instead. Mark Sobell’s books are a notable exception. They’re clearly
written, technically accurate, comprehensive, and actually enjoyable
to read.”
—Matthew Miller
Senior Systems Analyst/Administrator
BU Linux Project
Boston University Office of
Information Technology
“Overall, A Practical Guide to Ubuntu Linux® by Mark G. Sobell pro-
vides all of the information a beginner to intermediate user of Linux
would need to be productive. The inclusion of the Live DVD of the
Gutsy Gibbon release of Ubuntu makes it easy for the user to test-drive
Linux without affecting his installed OS. I have no doubts that you will
consider this book money well spent.”
—Ray Lodato
Slashdot contributor
www.slashdot.org
“This is well-written, clear, comprehensive information for the Linux
user of any type, whether trying Ubuntu on for the first time and want-
ing to know a little about it, or using the book as a very good reference
when doing something more complicated like setting up a server. This
book’s value goes well beyond its purchase price and it’ll make a great
addition to the Linux section of your bookshelf.”
—Linc Fessenden
Host of The LinuxLink TechShow
tllts.org
“The author has done a very good job at clarifying such a detail-oriented
operating system. I have extensive UNIX and Windows experience and this
text does an excellent job at bridging the gaps between Linux, Windows,
and UNIX. I highly recommend this book to both ‘newbs’ and experienced
users. Great job!”
—Mark Polczynski
Information Technology Consultant
“When I first started working with Linux just a short 10 years or so ago,
it was a little more difficult than now to get going. . . . Now, someone
new to the community has a vast array of resources available on the
web, or if they are inclined to begin with Ubuntu, they can literally find
almost every single thing they will need in the single volume of Mark
Sobell’s A Practical Guide to Ubuntu Linux®.
“I’m sure this sounds a bit like hyperbole. Everything a person would
need to know? Obviously not everything, but this book, weighing in at
just under 1200 pages, covers so much so thoroughly that there won’t
be much left out. From install to admin, networking, security, shell
scripting, package management, and a host of other topics, it is all
there. GUI and command line tools are covered. There is not really any
wasted space or fluff, just a huge amount of information. There are
screen shots when appropriate but they do not take up an inordinate
amount of space. This book is information-dense.”
—JR Peck
Editor
GeekBook.org
“Mark G. Sobell’s freshly revised reference work on Ubuntu Linux may
be the most impressive computer book I’ve seen in the last 10 years. If
you are currently stranded with a pile of abandoned computers on a
desert isle, I’m telling you, this is the book.”
—From a review at DesktopLinux.com
http://www.desktoplinux.com/
news/NS8801274918.html
Praise for Other Books by Mark G. Sobell
“I currently own one of your books, A Practical Guide to Linux®. I
believe this book is one of the most comprehensive and, as the title
says, practical guides to Linux I have ever read. I consider myself a
novice and I come back to this book over and over again.”
—Albert J. Nguyen
“Thank you for writing a book to help me get away from Windows XP
and to never touch Windows Vista. The book is great; I am learning a
lot of new concepts and commands. Linux is definitely getting easier
to use.”
—James Moritz
“I have been wanting to make the jump to Linux but did not have the
guts to do so—until I saw your familiarly titled A Practical Guide to
Red Hat® Linux® at the bookstore. I picked up a copy and am eagerly
looking forward to regaining my freedom.”
—Carmine Stoffo
Machine and Process Designer
to pharmaceutical industry
“I am currently reading A Practical Guide to Red Hat® Linux® and am
finally understanding the true power of the command line. I am new to
Linux and your book is a treasure.”
—Juan Gonzalez
A Practical Guide to Ubuntu Linux
THIRD EDITION
®
This page intentionally left blank
A Practical Guide to Ubuntu Linux
THIRD EDITION
®
Mark G. Sobell
Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco
New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid
Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City
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