ISO/IEC 18000-1标准.pdf

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1 Scope

2 Conformance

2.1 Claiming conformance

2.2 General conformance requirements

2.3 Command structure and extensibility

2.3.1 Mandatory commands

2.3.2 Optional commands

2.3.3 Custom commands

2.3.4 Proprietary commands

3 Normative references

4 Terms and definitions

5 Symbols and abbreviated terms

6 Architectures, references and exclusions

6.1 Communications architecture

6.2 System specification

6.3 Interface specification

6.4 Application architecture

6.5 Information and data architecture

6.6 Implementation architecture

6.7 System security architecture

6.8 Resilience considerations

6.9 Unique Identification

7 Requirements

7.1 Context (general)

7.2 Instruction to developers of subsequent parts of this standard

7.3 Context (OSI)

7.4 Bi-directional systems

A Bi-Directional System requires both the sending and receiving of signals by one or both parties (Interrogator & Tag). This Standard determines all of the parameters that may be expected in a complex two way exchange of data (read/write) between fixed equipment and on board equipment. Most RFID systems are bi-directional, whether they be read only or read/write. Unless otherwise stated, specifications in subsequent parts of this Standard relate to bi-directional systems.

7.5 Uni-directional systems

7.6 Relationship to other standards

7.7 Parameters

7.8 Physical and media access control parameters

7.8.1 Interrogator to tag link

7.8.1.1 Operating frequency range (Int:1)

7.8.1.1.1 Default operating frequency (Int:1a)

7.8.1.2 Occupied channel bandwidth (Int:2)

7.8.1.11 Preamble (Int:11)

7.8.1.11.1 Preamble length (Int:11a)

7.8.1.11.2 Preamble waveform (Int:11b)

7.8.2 Tag to interrogator link

7.9 Protocol and collision management parameters

7.9.1 The parameters defined in this Clause refer to a protocol definition (specification), NOT to an actual product implementation.

8 Modulation

9 Patents and Intellectual Property

9.1 Responsibilities regarding patents and intellectual property

9.2 Patents referenced in 18000 series Standards

1 Scope

6.1 Parameters for MODE 1 of this standard

6.1.1 MODE 1: Physical and media access control (MAC) parameters :

6.1.1.1 MODE 1: Interrogator to tag link

6.1.1.2 MODE 1 : Tag to interrogator link

6.2 Parameters for MODE 2 of this standard

6.2.1 MODE 2: Physical and media access control (MAC) parameters

6.2.1.1 MODE 2: Interrogator to tag link

6.2.1.2 MODE 2 : Tag to interrogator link

8.1 Responsibilities regarding patents and intellectual property

Mode developers have specifically highlighted patents listed below as being relevant to this Standard, but other Patents may apply. A list of identified Standards and summary descriptions of the Standards listed below are to be found in ISO 18000-1.

8.2 Patents referenced in this Standard

C.4 Logical definition

C.5 Functional architecture

C6 Object interactions (examples)

E.3 Patents declared to SC 31/WG 4/SG 3

E.4 Patent abstracts

© ISO 2003 – All rights reserved Reference number of working document: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 N 686 Date: 2003-06-01 Reference number of document: ISO/FDIS 18000-1 Committee identification: ISO/JTC 1/SC 31 Secretariat: ANSI 錯誤! 找不到參照來源。錯誤! 找不到參照來源。 Document type: 錯誤! 找不到參照來源。 Document subtype: 錯誤! 找不到參照來源。 Document stage: 錯誤! 找不到參照來源。 Document language: 錯誤! 找不到參照來源。 D:\研究所\paper\Stander\ISO18000\sc31n1455_FDIS18000-1\31N1455.doc 錯誤! 找不到參照來源。

錯誤! 找不到參照來源。 Copyright notice This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as permitted under the applicable laws of the user's country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract from it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured. Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyright@iso.org Web www.iso.org Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement. Violators may be prosecuted. ii 錯誤! 找不到參照來源。

錯誤! 找不到參照來源。 tents Page 1 Scope......................................................................................................................................................1 2 Conformance .........................................................................................................................................1 2.1 Claiming conformance..........................................................................................................................1 2.2 General conformance requirements....................................................................................................1 2.3 Command structure and extensibility.................................................................................................1 3 Normative references............................................................................................................................3 4 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................6 5 Symbols and abbreviated terms..........................................................................................................6 6 Architectures, references and exclusions..........................................................................................8 6.1 Communications architecture..............................................................................................................8 6.2 System specification...........................................................................................................................11 6.3 Interface specification.........................................................................................................................11 6.4 Application architecture .....................................................................................................................11 6.5 Information and data architecture .....................................................................................................11 6.6 Implementation architecture ..............................................................................................................11 6.7 System security architecture .............................................................................................................11 6.8 Resilience considerations ..................................................................................................................11 6.9 Unique Identification...........................................................................................................................11 7 Requirements.......................................................................................................................................12 7.1 Context (general).................................................................................................................................12 7.2 Instruction to developers of subsequent parts of this standard....................................................12 7.3 Context (OSI)........................................................................................................................................14 7.4 Bi-directional systems ........................................................................................................................15 7.5 Uni-directional systems......................................................................................................................15 7.6 Relationship to other standards ........................................................................................................15 7.7 Parameters ...........................................................................................................................................16 7.8 Physical and media access control parameters .............................................................................17 7.9 Protocol and collision management parameters .............................................................................25 8 Modulation ...........................................................................................................................................27 9 Patents and Intellectual Property ......................................................................................................27 9.1 Responsibilities regarding patents and intellectual property ........................................................27 9.2 Patents referenced in 18000 series Standards.................................................................................27 Annex A (informative) Reference co-ordinates for regional and national regulations .............................28 Annex B (informative) Pro forma for parameter definition standards (including parameter definition tables)..................................................................................................................................29 Annex C (informative) Architectural views of logistic and distribution systems.....................................42 Annex D (informative) Unique Identifier........................................................................................................59 Annex E (informative) Intellectual property : Patents .................................................................................61 錯誤! 找不到參照來源。 iii

錯誤! 找不到參照來源。 Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 18000-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Subcommittee SC 31, Working Group 4, Information technology -Automatic identification techniques, RFID for item Management. Information technology AIDC techniques - RFID for item management - Part 2 - Parameters for air Information technology AIDC techniques - RFID for item management - Part 3 - Parameters for air Information technology AIDC techniques - RFID for item management - Part 1 - Definition of parameters The ISO 18000 series of standards comprise : ⎯ to be standardized. ⎯ interface communications below 135 kHz ⎯ interface communications at 13.56 MHz ⎯ interface communications at 2.45 GHz ⎯ interface communications at 860-930 MHz ⎯ Air Interface Communications at 433 MHz This Standard, ISO 18000 Part 1: Definition of Parameters to be Standardized. sets the framework and formula for the subsequent parts and provides information regarding radio regulator contacts and examples of Architecture frameworks. Information technology AIDC techniques - RFID for item management - Part 7 - Parameters for Active Information technology AIDC techniques - RFID for item management - Part 4 - Parameters for air Information technology AIDC techniques - RFID for item management - Part 6 - Parameters for air iv 錯誤! 找不到參照來源。

錯誤! 找不到參照來源。 Introduction This Standard has been developed by ISO/IEC SC31 WG4, Radio Frequency Identification for Item Management, in order to provide parameter definitions for communications protocols within a common framework for internationally useable frequencies for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and, where possible, to determine the use of the same protocols for ALL frequencies such that the problems of migrating from one to another are diminished; to minimise software and implementation costs; and to enable system management and control and information exchange to be common as far as is possible. Informative Annexes to this Standard provide contact information in respect of the radio regulations within which such systems have to operate, and some informational views of system architectures within which RFID for item management is likely to be used. (Annexes A and C). Vision statement This Standard (ISO 18000-1) defines of a common set of parameters that are necessary (at any frequency) in order to avoid contention or interference with other RFID systems, to establish the highest degree of interoperability as is practicable, and to ease migration between technical solutions and their supporting software. The Standard envisions common methods of determination and description. Mission statement The mission of this Standard (18000-1) is to determine common parameters to be defined in an item identification air interface Standard; the method and means of their definition, and to provide a common format for their elaboration and definition. Subsequent Parts of this Standard (ISO 18000 –2 to ISO 18000 –n), shall provide the parameter definitions, at different frequencies, for each of the parameters required by this Standard in accordance with the common format herein determined, and may also, where appropriate, provide regional definitions with geographical constraints. If any parameter defined in this Standard is inappropriate at a particular frequency, it shall be specifically and expressly stated in that Part of the Standard that the named and referenced parameter is not appropriate at that frequency. This Standards to additionally provide relevant information in respect of radio regulations bodies and some examples of conceptual system architectures within which RFID for Item Management is likely to be used 錯誤! 找不到參照來源。 v

錯誤! 找不到參照來源。錯誤! 找不到參照來源。錯誤! 找不到參照來源。 1 Scope 1.1 The Scope of this Standard is to define the Parameters that shall be determined in any Standardised Air Interface Definition in the ISO 18000 series. The subsequent parts of the 18000 series of Standards shall provide the specific values for definition of the Air Interface Parameters for a particular frequency/type of air interface from which compliance to (or non compliance with) this Standard can be established. This Standard also provides description of example conceptual architectures in which these air interfaces are often to be utilized. 1.2 This Standard limits its Scope to transactions and data exchanges across the air interface at Reference Point Delta. (See Section 6, fig 1. below). The means of generating and managing such transactions, other than a requirement to achieve the transactional performance determined within this Standard, are outside the scope of this Standard, as is the definition or specification of any supporting hardware, firmware, software or associated equipments. 1.3 Standardisation of other Reference Points is outside the scope of this Standard. (See fig 1. below) 1.4 This standard is an enabling standard which supports and promotes several RFID implementations without making conclusions about the relative technical merits of any available option for any possible application. 2 Conformance 2.1 Claiming conformance In order to claim conformance with this Standard it is necessary to comply to all of the clauses of this Standard except those marked ‘optional’ and it is also necessary to operate within the local National Radio regulations (which may require further restrictions) and, if appropriate, to hold a valid licence from the appropriate owner of intellectual property associated with the MODES defined herein. 2.2 General conformance requirements General conformance requirements shall be determined within ISO (TR) 18047 Information Technology- AIDC Techniques-RFID device conformance test methods. 2.3 Command structure and extensibility Standards in the ISOP/IEC 18000 series include definition of the structure of command codes between an Interrogator and a Tag and indicate how many positions are available for future extensions. Command specification clauses provide a full definition of the command and its presentation. Each Command is labelled as being ‘mandatory’ or ‘optional’. 錯誤! 找不到參照來源。 1

錯誤! 找不到參照來源。 In accordance with ISO 18000-1, the clauses of each 18000 series Standard shall make provision for ‘custom’ and ‘proprietary’ commands. 2.3.1 Mandatory commands A Mandatory command shall be supported by all tags that claim to be compliant and all interrogators which claim compliance shall support all mandatory commands. 2.3.2 Optional commands Optional commands are commands that are specified within the Standard. Interrogators shall be technically capable of performing all optional commands that are specified in the Standard (although need not be set up to do so). Tags may or may not support optional commands. If an optional command is used, it shall be implemented in the manner specified in the Standard. 2.3.3 Custom commands Custom commands may be enabled by a Standard, but they shall not be specified in that Standard. A custom command shall not solely duplicate the functionality of any mandatory or optional command defined in the Standard by a different method. 2.3.4 Proprietary commands Proprietary commands may be enabled by a Standard, but they shall not be specified in that Standard. A proprietary command shall not solely duplicate the functionality of any mandatory or optional command defined in the Standard by a different method. 2 錯誤! 找不到參照來源。

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