GRID CONVERTERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC AND WIND POWER SYSTEMS.pdf-资料库

lecio-7556553-4744302542942712689.pdf-第1页.png

第1页 / 共407页

lecio-7556553-4744302542942712689.pdf-第2页.png

第2页 / 共407页

lecio-7556553-4744302542942712689.pdf-第3页.png

第3页 / 共407页

lecio-7556553-4744302542942712689.pdf-第4页.png

第4页 / 共407页

lecio-7556553-4744302542942712689.pdf-第5页.png

第5页 / 共407页

lecio-7556553-4744302542942712689.pdf-第6页.png

第6页 / 共407页

lecio-7556553-4744302542942712689.pdf-第7页.png

第7页 / 共407页

lecio-7556553-4744302542942712689.pdf-第8页.png

第8页 / 共407页

P1: OTE/OTE/SPH FM BLBK295-Teodorescu P2: OTE November 18, 2010 19:43 Printer Name: Yet to Come GRID CONVERTERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC AND WIND POWER SYSTEMS Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems Remus Teodorescu, Marco Liserre and Pedro Rodríguez © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-05751-3

P1: OTE/OTE/SPH FM BLBK295-Teodorescu P2: OTE November 18, 2010 19:43 Printer Name: Yet to Come GRID CONVERTERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC AND WIND POWER SYSTEMS Remus Teodorescu Aalborg University, Denmark Marco Liserre Politecnico di Bari, Italy Pedro Rodr´ıguez Technical University of Catalonia, Spain A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication

P1: OTE/OTE/SPH FM BLBK295-Teodorescu P2: OTE November 18, 2010 19:43 Printer Name: Yet to Come This edition ﬁrst published 2011 C 2011, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Registered ofﬁce John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial ofﬁces, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com. The right of the author to be identiﬁed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. MATLAB R accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book’s use or discussion of MATLAB R does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of MATLAB R is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc., and is used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant the software or related products software. Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Teodorescu, Remus. Grid converters for photovoltaic and wind power systems / Remus Teodorescu, Marco Liserre, Pedro Rodr´ıguez. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-05751-3 (hardback) 1. Electric current converters. systems–Equipment and supplies. 2. Photovoltaic power systems–Equipment and supplies. I. Liserre, Marco. II. Rodr´ıguez, Pedro. III. Title. TK7872.C8T46 2011 621.31 244–dc22 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Print ISBN: 9780470057513 E-PDF ISBN: 9780470667040 O-book ISBN: 9780470667057 Set in in 10/12pt Times by Aptara Inc., New Delhi, India 3. Wind energy conversion 2010031106

P1: OTE/OTE/SPH FM BLBK295-Teodorescu P2: OTE November 12, 2010 13:29 Printer Name: Yet to Come Contents About the Authors Preface Acknowledgements Introduction 1 1.1 Wind Power Development 1.2 1.3 Photovoltaic Power Development The Grid Converter – The Key Element in Grid Integration of WT and PV Systems References 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Basic Full-Bridge Inverter H5 Inverter (SMA) HERIC Inverter (Sunways) REFU Inverter Full-Bridge Inverter with DC Bypass – FB-DCBP (Ingeteam) Full-Bridge Zero Voltage Rectiﬁer – FB-ZVR Summary of H-Bridge Derived Topologies Photovoltaic Inverter Structures Introduction Inverter Structures Derived from H-Bridge Topology 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.7 Inverter Structures Derived from NPC Topology 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 Typical PV Inverter Structures 2.4.1 Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) Half-Bridge Inverter Conergy NPC Inverter Summary of NPC-Derived Inverter Topologies H-Bridge Based Boosting PV Inverter with High-Frequency Transformer Three-Phase PV Inverters Control Structures Conclusions and Future Trends References xiii xv xvii 1 1 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 11 13 15 17 19 21 21 21 23 25 25 25 26 27 28 29

P1: OTE/OTE/SPH FM BLBK295-Teodorescu P2: OTE November 12, 2010 13:29 Printer Name: Yet to Come vi 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 5 5.1 5.2 IEEE 1547 Interconnection of Distributed Generation IEC 61727 Characteristics of Utility Interface VDE 0126-1-1 Safety IEC 61000 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC – low frequency) EN 50160 Public Distribution Voltage Quality Grid Requirements for PV Introduction International Regulations 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 Response to Abnormal Grid Conditions 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 Power Quality 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 Anti-islanding Requirements 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 Summary References Voltage Deviations Frequency Deviations Reconnection after Trip DC Current Injection Current Harmonics Average Power Factor AI Deﬁned by IEEE 1547/UL 1741 AI Deﬁned by IEC 62116 AI Deﬁned by VDE 0126-1-1 PLL Based on a T/4 Transport Delay PLL Based on the Hilbert Transform PLL Based on the Inverse Park Transform Grid Synchronization in Single-Phase Power Converters Introduction Grid Synchronization Techniques for Single-Phase Systems Grid Synchronization Using the Fourier Analysis 4.2.1 4.2.2 Grid Synchronization Using a Phase-Locked Loop Phase Detection Based on In-Quadrature Signals Some PLLs Based on In-Quadrature Signal Generation 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 Some PLLs Based on Adaptive Filtering 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 The SOGI Frequency-Locked Loop 4.6.1 Analysis of the SOGI-FLL Summary References The Enhanced PLL Second-Order Adaptive Filter Second-Order Generalized Integrator The SOGI-PLL Islanding Detection Introduction Nondetection Zone Contents 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 37 38 38 39 40 40 41 41 43 43 44 45 51 58 63 63 64 65 68 70 72 74 78 80 82 89 89 93 93 94

P1: OTE/OTE/SPH FM BLBK295-Teodorescu P2: OTE November 12, 2010 13:29 Printer Name: Yet to Come Contents 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Overview of Islanding Detection Methods Passive Islanding Detection Methods OUF–OUV Detection 5.4.1 Phase Jump Detection (PJD) 5.4.2 Harmonic Detection (HD) 5.4.3 5.4.4 Passive Method Evaluation Active Islanding Detection Methods Frequency Drift Methods 5.5.1 Voltage Drift Methods 5.5.2 5.5.3 Grid Impedance Estimation PLL-Based Islanding Detention 5.5.4 5.5.5 Comparison of Active Islanding Detection Methods Summary References Grid Converter Structures for Wind Turbine Systems Introduction 6 6.1 6.2 WTS Power Conﬁgurations 6.3 Grid Power Converter Topologies 6.3.1 6.3.2 Single-Cell (VSC or CSC) Multicell (Interleaved or Cascaded) 6.4 WTS Control 6.5 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Generator-Side Control WTS Grid Control 6.4.1 6.4.2 Summary References Grid Requirements for WT Systems Introduction Grid Code Evolution 7.2.1 Denmark Germany 7.2.2 Spain 7.2.3 UK 7.2.4 7.2.5 Ireland US 7.2.6 China 7.2.7 7.2.8 Summary Frequency and Voltage Deviation under Normal Operation Active Power Control in Normal Operation 7.4.1 7.4.2 Reactive Power Control in Normal Operation 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 Power Curtailment Frequency Control Germany Spain Denmark vii 96 98 98 99 99 103 104 104 110 110 114 119 121 121 123 123 124 128 128 133 135 136 139 142 142 145 145 146 148 148 149 149 150 150 150 151 151 152 153 154 155 155 157 157

P1: OTE/OTE/SPH FM BLBK295-Teodorescu P2: OTE November 12, 2010 13:29 Printer Name: Yet to Come viii 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 UK Ireland US Germany Spain US-WECC 7.5.4 7.5.5 7.5.6 Behaviour under Grid Disturbances 7.6.1 7.6.2 7.6.3 Discussion of Harmonization of Grid Codes Future Trends 7.8.1 7.8.2 7.8.3 Summary References Local Voltage Control Inertia Emulation (IE) Power Oscillation Dumping (POD) Unbalanced Grid Voltages during a Grid Fault Transient Grid Faults, the Voltage Sags (Dips) Propagation of Voltage Sags Grid Synchronization in Three-Phase Power Converters Introduction The Three-Phase Voltage Vector under Grid Faults 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 The Synchronous Reference Frame PLL under Unbalanced and Distorted Grid Conditions The Decoupled Double Synchronous Reference Frame PLL (DDSRF-PLL) 8.4.1 8.4.2 8.4.3 8.4.4 The Double Second-Order Generalized Integrator FLL (DSOGI-FLL) 8.5.1 8.5.2 8.5.3 8.5.4 Summary References Structure of the DSOGI Relationship between the DSOGI and the DDSRF The FLL for the DSOGI Response of the DSOGI-FLL The Double Synchronous Reference Frame The Decoupling Network Analysis of the DDSRF Structure and Response of the DDSRF-PLL Grid Converter Control for WTS Introduction Model of the Converter 9.2.1 9.2.2 AC Voltage and DC Voltage Control 9.3.1 9.3.2 Mathematical Model of the L-Filter Inverter Mathematical Model of the LCL-Filter Inverter Management of the DC Link Voltage Cascaded Control of the DC Voltage through the AC Current Contents 157 158 158 158 158 160 164 164 165 165 165 166 166 167 169 169 171 175 177 179 182 186 186 187 189 192 194 197 198 200 200 201 203 205 205 206 207 209 210 211 213

P1: OTE/OTE/SPH FM BLBK295-Teodorescu P2: OTE November 12, 2010 13:29 Printer Name: Yet to Come Contents Tuning Procedure of the PI Controller PI-Based Voltage Control Design Example Synchronous Frame VOC: PQ Open-Loop Control Synchronous Frame VOC: PQ Closed-Loop Control Stationary Frame VOC: PQ Open-Loop Control Stationary Frame VOC: PQ Closed-Loop Control Virtual-Flux-Based Control Direct Power Control 9.3.3 9.3.4 Voltage Oriented Control and Direct Power Control 9.4.1 9.4.2 9.4.3 9.4.4 9.4.5 9.4.6 Stand-alone, Micro-grid, Droop Control and Grid Supporting 9.5.1 9.5.2 9.5.3 Summary References Grid-Connected/Stand-Alone Operation without Load Sharing Micro-Grid Operation with Controlled Storage Droop Control 9.4 9.5 9.6 Control of Grid Converters under Grid Faults Introduction 10 10.1 10.2 Overview of Control Techniques for Grid-Connected Converters under Unbalanced Grid Voltage Conditions 10.3 Control Structures for Unbalanced Current Injection 10.3.1 Decoupled Double Synchronous Reference Frame Current Controllers for Unbalanced Current Injection Resonant Controllers for Unbalanced Current Injection Instantaneous Active–Reactive Control (IARC) Positive- and Negative-Sequence Control (PNSC) Average Active–Reactive Control (AARC) Balanced Positive-Sequence Control (BPSC) Performance of the IARC, PNSC, AARC and BPSC Strategies Flexible Positive- and Negative-Sequence Control (FPNSC) 10.3.2 Power Control under Unbalanced Grid Conditions 10.4.1 10.4.2 10.4.3 10.4.4 10.4.5 10.4.6 Flexible Power Control with Current Limitation 10.5.1 10.5.2 10.5.3 10.5.4 10.5.5 Summary References Locus of the Current Vector under Unbalanced Grid Conditions Instantaneous Value of the Three-Phase Currents Estimation of the Maximum Current in Each Phase Estimation of the Maximum Active and Reactive Power Set-Point Performance of the FPNSC 10.4 10.5 10.6 Grid Filter Design Introduction Filter Topologies 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 Design Considerations 11.4 11.5 Resonance Problem and Damping Solutions Practical Examples of LCL Filters and Grid Interactions ix 216 217 219 221 222 222 224 225 226 228 229 229 231 234 235 237 237 238 244 245 251 256 258 260 262 263 264 267 269 270 272 274 277 279 285 285 289 289 290 291 296 300

资料库

GRID CONVERTERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC AND WIND POWER SYSTEMS.pdf

相关推荐

行业

热门标签

最新资料