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The Java EE 7 tutorial.pdf

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    Contents
    Preface
    Audience
    Documentation Accessibility
    Before You Read This Book
    Related Documentation
    Conventions
    Default Paths and File Names
    Part I Introduction
    1 Overview
    1.1 Java EE 7 Platform Highlights
    1.2 Java EE Application Model
    1.3 Distributed Multitiered Applications
    1.3.1 Security
    1.3.2 Java EE Components
    1.3.3 Java EE Clients
    1.3.3.1 Web Clients
    1.3.3.2 Application Clients
    1.3.3.3 Applets
    1.3.3.4 The JavaBeans Component Architecture
    1.3.3.5 Java EE Server Communications
    1.3.4 Web Components
    1.3.5 Business Components
    1.3.6 Enterprise Information System Tier
    1.4 Java EE Containers
    1.4.1 Container Services
    1.4.2 Container Types
    1.5 Web Services Support
    1.5.1 XML
    1.5.2 SOAP Transport Protocol
    1.5.3 WSDL Standard Format
    1.6 Java EE Application Assembly and Deployment
    1.7 Development Roles
    1.7.1 Java EE Product Provider
    1.7.2 Tool Provider
    1.7.3 Application Component Provider
    1.7.3.1 Enterprise Bean Developer
    1.7.3.2 Web Component Developer
    1.7.3.3 Application Client Developer
    1.7.4 Application Assembler
    1.7.5 Application Deployer and Administrator
    1.8 Java EE 7 APIs
    1.8.1 Enterprise JavaBeans Technology
    1.8.2 Java Servlet Technology
    1.8.3 JavaServer Faces Technology
    1.8.4 JavaServer Pages Technology
    1.8.5 JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library
    1.8.6 Java Persistence API
    1.8.7 Java Transaction API
    1.8.8 Java API for RESTful Web Services
    1.8.9 Managed Beans
    1.8.10 Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE
    1.8.11 Dependency Injection for Java
    1.8.12 Bean Validation
    1.8.13 Java Message Service API
    1.8.14 Java EE Connector Architecture
    1.8.15 JavaMail API
    1.8.16 Java Authorization Contract for Containers
    1.8.17 Java Authentication Service Provider Interface for Containers
    1.8.18 Java API for WebSocket
    1.8.19 Java API for JSON Processing
    1.8.20 Concurrency Utilities for Java EE
    1.8.21 Batch Applications for the Java Platform
    1.9 Java EE 7 APIs in the Java Platform, Standard Edition 7
    1.9.1 Java Database Connectivity API
    1.9.2 Java Naming and Directory Interface API
    1.9.3 JavaBeans Activation Framework
    1.9.4 Java API for XML Processing
    1.9.5 Java Architecture for XML Binding
    1.9.6 Java API for XML Web Services
    1.9.7 SOAP with Attachments API for Java
    1.9.8 Java Authentication and Authorization Service
    1.9.9 Common Annotations for the Java Platform
    1.10 GlassFish Server Tools
    2 Using the Tutorial Examples
    2.1 Required Software
    2.1.1 Java EE 7 Software Development Kit
    2.1.1.1 SDK Installation Tips
    2.1.2 Java Platform, Standard Edition
    2.1.3 Java EE 7 Tutorial Component
    2.1.3.1 To Obtain the Tutorial Component Using the Update Tool
    2.1.4 NetBeans IDE
    2.1.4.1 To Install NetBeans IDE without GlassFish Server
    2.1.4.2 To Add GlassFish Server as a Server in NetBeans IDE
    2.1.5 Apache Maven
    2.2 Starting and Stopping the GlassFish Server
    2.2.1 To Start the GlassFish Server Using NetBeans IDE
    2.2.2 To Stop the GlassFish Server Using NetBeans IDE
    2.2.3 To Start the GlassFish Server from the Command Line
    2.2.4 To Stop the GlassFish Server from the Command Line
    2.3 Starting the Administration Console
    2.3.1 To Start the Administration Console in NetBeans IDE
    2.4 Starting and Stopping the Java DB Server
    2.4.1 To Start the Database Server Using NetBeans IDE
    2.5 Building the Examples
    2.6 Tutorial Example Directory Structure
    2.7 Java EE 7 Maven Archetypes in the Tutorial
    2.7.1 Installing the Tutorial Archetypes
    2.7.1.1 Installing the Tutorial Archetypes from NetBeans IDE
    2.7.1.2 Installing the Tutorial Archetypes Using Maven
    2.8 Getting the Latest Updates to the Tutorial
    2.8.1 To Update the Tutorial Using the Command Line
    2.8.2 To Update the Tutorial Using NetBeans IDE
    2.9 Debugging Java EE Applications
    2.9.1 Using the Server Log
    2.9.1.1 To Use the Administration Console Log Viewer
    2.9.2 Using a Debugger
    2.9.2.1 To Debug an Application Using a Debugger
    Part II Platform Basics
    3 Resource Creation
    3.1 Resources and JNDI Naming
    3.2 DataSource Objects and Connection Pools
    3.3 Creating Resources Administratively
    4 Injection
    4.1 Resource Injection
    4.2 Dependency Injection
    4.3 Main Differences Between Resource Injection and Dependency Injection
    5 Packaging
    5.1 Packaging Applications
    5.2 Packaging Enterprise Beans
    5.2.1 Packaging Enterprise Beans in EJB JAR Modules
    5.2.2 Packaging Enterprise Beans in WAR Modules
    5.3 Packaging Web Archives
    5.4 Packaging Resource Adapter Archives
    Part III The Web Tier
    6 Getting Started with Web Applications
    6.1 Web Applications
    6.2 Web Application Lifecycle
    6.3 A Web Module That Uses JavaServer Faces Technology: The hello1 Example
    6.3.1 To View the hello1 Web Module Using NetBeans IDE
    6.3.1.1 Introduction to Scopes
    6.3.2 Packaging and Deploying the hello1 Web Module
    6.3.2.1 To Build and Package the hello1 Web Module Using NetBeans IDE
    6.3.2.2 To Build and Package the hello1 Web Module Using Maven
    6.3.3 Viewing Deployed Web Modules
    6.3.3.1 To View Deployed Web Modules Using the Administration Console
    6.3.3.2 To View Deployed Web Modules Using the asadmin Command
    6.3.3.3 To View Deployed Web Modules Using NetBeans IDE
    6.3.4 Running the Deployed hello1 Web Module
    6.3.4.1 Dynamic Reloading of Deployed Modules
    6.3.5 Undeploying the hello1 Web Module
    6.3.5.1 To Undeploy the hello1 Web Module Using NetBeans IDE
    6.3.5.2 To Undeploy the hello1 Web Module Using the asadmin Command
    6.4 A Web Module That Uses Java Servlet Technology: The hello2 Example
    6.4.1 Mapping URLs to Web Components
    6.4.2 Examining the hello2 Web Module
    6.4.2.1 To View the hello2 Web Module Using NetBeans IDE
    6.4.3 Running the hello2 Example
    6.4.3.1 To Run the hello2 Example Using NetBeans IDE
    6.4.3.2 To Run the hello2 Example Using Maven
    6.5 Configuring Web Applications
    6.5.1 Setting Context Parameters
    6.5.1.1 To Add a Context Parameter Using NetBeans IDE
    6.5.1.2 To Create a web.xml File Using NetBeans IDE
    6.5.2 Declaring Welcome Files
    6.5.3 Mapping Errors to Error Screens
    6.5.3.1 To Set Up Error Mapping Using NetBeans IDE
    6.5.4 Declaring Resource References
    6.5.4.1 Declaring a Reference to a Resource
    6.5.4.2 Declaring a Reference to a Web Service
    6.6 Further Information about Web Applications
    7 JavaServer Faces Technology
    7.1 What Is a JavaServer Faces Application?
    7.2 JavaServer Faces Technology Benefits
    7.3 A Simple JavaServer Faces Application
    7.4 User Interface Component Model
    7.4.1 User Interface Component Classes
    7.4.2 Component Rendering Model
    7.4.3 Conversion Model
    7.4.4 Event and Listener Model
    7.4.5 Validation Model
    7.5 Navigation Model
    7.6 The Lifecycle of a JavaServer Faces Application
    7.6.1 Overview of the JavaServer Faces Lifecycle
    7.6.2 Restore View Phase
    7.6.3 Apply Request Values Phase
    7.6.4 Process Validations Phase
    7.6.5 Update Model Values Phase
    7.6.6 Invoke Application Phase
    7.6.7 Render Response Phase
    7.7 Further Information about JavaServer Faces Technology
    8 Introduction to Facelets
    8.1 What Is Facelets?
    8.2 The Lifecycle of a Facelets Application
    8.3 Developing a Simple Facelets Application
    8.3.1 Creating a Facelets Application
    8.3.1.1 Developing a Managed Bean
    8.3.1.2 Creating Facelets Views
    8.3.2 Configuring the Application
    8.3.3 Running the guessnumber-jsf Facelets Example
    8.3.3.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the guessnumber-jsf Example Using NetBeans IDE
    8.3.3.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the guessnumber-jsf Example Using Maven
    8.3.3.3 To Run the guessnumber-jsf Example
    8.4 Using Facelets Templates
    8.5 Composite Components
    8.6 Web Resources
    8.7 Relocatable Resources
    8.8 Resource Library Contracts
    8.8.1 The hello1-rlc Example Application
    8.8.1.1 Configuring the hello1-rlc Example
    8.8.1.2 The Facelets Pages for the hello1-rlc Example
    8.8.1.3 To Build, Package, and Deploy the hello1-rlc Example Using NetBeans IDE
    8.8.1.4 To Build, Package, and Deploy the hello1-rlc Example Using Maven and the asadmin Command
    8.8.1.5 To Run the hello1-rlc Example
    8.9 HTML5 Friendly Markup
    8.9.1 Using Pass-through Elements
    8.9.2 Using Pass-through Attributes
    8.9.3 The reservation Example Application
    8.9.3.1 The Facelets Pages for the reservation Application
    8.9.3.2 The Managed Bean for the reservation Application
    8.9.3.3 To Build, Package, and Deploy the reservation Example Using NetBeans IDE
    8.9.3.4 To Build, Package, and Deploy the reservation Example Using Maven and the asadmin Command
    8.9.3.5 To Run the reservation Example
    9 Expression Language
    9.1 Overview of the EL
    9.2 Immediate and Deferred Evaluation Syntax
    9.2.1 Immediate Evaluation
    9.2.2 Deferred Evaluation
    9.3 Value and Method Expressions
    9.3.1 Value Expressions
    9.3.1.1 Referencing Objects Using Value Expressions
    9.3.1.2 Referring to Object Properties Using Value Expressions
    9.3.1.3 Where Value Expressions Can Be Used
    9.3.2 Method Expressions
    9.3.2.1 Parameterized Method Calls
    9.4 Literal Expressions
    9.5 Operators
    9.6 Reserved Words
    9.7 Examples of EL Expressions
    10 Using JavaServer Faces Technology in Web Pages
    10.1 Setting Up a Page
    10.2 Adding Components to a Page Using HTML Tag Library Tags
    10.2.1 Common Component Tag Attributes
    10.2.1.1 The id Attribute
    10.2.1.2 The immediate Attribute
    10.2.1.3 The rendered Attribute
    10.2.1.4 The style and styleClass Attributes
    10.2.1.5 The value and binding Attributes
    10.2.2 Adding HTML Head and Body Tags
    10.2.3 Adding a Form Component
    10.2.4 Using Text Components
    10.2.4.1 Rendering a Field with the h:inputText Tag
    10.2.4.2 Rendering a Password Field with the h:inputSecret Tag
    10.2.4.3 Rendering a Label with the h:outputLabel Tag
    10.2.4.4 Rendering a Link with the h:outputLink Tag
    10.2.4.5 Displaying a Formatted Message with the h:outputFormat Tag
    10.2.5 Using Command Component Tags for Performing Actions and Navigation
    10.2.5.1 Rendering a Button with the h:commandButton Tag
    10.2.5.2 Rendering a Link with the h:commandLink Tag
    10.2.6 Adding Graphics and Images with the h:graphicImage Tag
    10.2.7 Laying Out Components with the h:panelGrid and h:panelGroup Tags
    10.2.8 Displaying Components for Selecting One Value
    10.2.8.1 Displaying a Check Box Using the h:selectBooleanCheckbox Tag
    10.2.8.2 Displaying a Menu Using the h:selectOneMenu Tag
    10.2.9 Displaying Components for Selecting Multiple Values
    10.2.10 Using the f:selectItem and f:selectItems Tags
    10.2.10.1 Using the f:selectItems Tag
    10.2.10.2 Using the f:selectItem Tag
    10.2.11 Displaying the Results from Selection Components
    10.2.12 Using Data-Bound Table Components
    10.2.13 Displaying Error Messages with the h:message and h:messages Tags
    10.2.14 Creating Bookmarkable URLs with the h:button and h:link Tags
    10.2.15 Using View Parameters to Configure Bookmarkable URLs
    10.2.16 The bookmarks Example Application
    10.2.16.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the bookmarks Example Using NetBeans IDE
    10.2.16.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the bookmarks Example Using Maven and the asadmin Command
    10.2.16.3 To Run the bookmarks Example
    10.2.17 Resource Relocation Using h:outputScript and h:outputStylesheet Tags
    10.3 Using Core Tags
    11 Using Converters, Listeners, and Validators
    11.1 Using the Standard Converters
    11.1.1 Converting a Component's Value
    11.1.2 Using DateTimeConverter
    11.1.3 Using NumberConverter
    11.2 Registering Listeners on Components
    11.2.1 Registering a Value-Change Listener on a Component
    11.2.2 Registering an Action Listener on a Component
    11.3 Using the Standard Validators
    11.3.1 Validating a Component's Value
    11.3.2 Using LongRangeValidator
    11.4 Referencing a Managed Bean Method
    11.4.1 Referencing a Method That Performs Navigation
    11.4.2 Referencing a Method That Handles an Action Event
    11.4.3 Referencing a Method That Performs Validation
    11.4.4 Referencing a Method That Handles a Value-Change Event
    12 Developing with JavaServer Faces Technology
    12.1 Managed Beans in JavaServer Faces Technology
    12.1.1 Creating a Managed Bean
    12.1.2 Using the EL to Reference Managed Beans
    12.2 Writing Bean Properties
    12.2.1 Writing Properties Bound to Component Values
    12.2.1.1 UIInput and UIOutput Properties
    12.2.1.2 UIData Properties
    12.2.1.3 UISelectBoolean Properties
    12.2.1.4 UISelectMany Properties
    12.2.1.5 UISelectOne Properties
    12.2.1.6 UISelectItem Properties
    12.2.1.7 UISelectItems Properties
    12.2.2 Writing Properties Bound to Component Instances
    12.2.3 Writing Properties Bound to Converters, Listeners, or Validators
    12.3 Writing Managed Bean Methods
    12.3.1 Writing a Method to Handle Navigation
    12.3.2 Writing a Method to Handle an Action Event
    12.3.3 Writing a Method to Perform Validation
    12.3.4 Writing a Method to Handle a Value-Change Event
    12.4 Using Bean Validation
    12.4.1 Validating Null and Empty Strings
    13 Using Ajax with JavaServer Faces Technology
    13.1 Overview of Ajax
    13.2 Using Ajax Functionality with JavaServer Faces Technology
    13.3 Using Ajax with Facelets
    13.3.1 Using the f:ajax Tag
    13.4 Sending an Ajax Request
    13.4.1 Using the event Attribute
    13.4.2 Using the execute Attribute
    13.4.3 Using the immediate Attribute
    13.4.4 Using the listener Attribute
    13.5 Monitoring Events on the Client
    13.6 Handling Errors
    13.7 Receiving an Ajax Response
    13.8 Partial Processing and Partial Rendering
    13.9 Ajax Request Lifecycle
    13.10 Grouping of Components
    13.11 Loading JavaScript as a Resource
    13.11.1 Using JavaScript API in a Facelets Application
    13.11.2 Using the @ResourceDependency Annotation in a Bean Class
    13.12 The ajaxguessnumber Example Application
    13.12.1 The ajaxguessnumber Source Files
    13.12.1.1 The ajaxgreeting.xhtml Facelets Page
    13.12.1.2 The UserNumberBean Backing Bean
    13.12.1.3 The DukesNumberBean CDI Bean
    13.12.2 Running the ajaxguessnumber Example
    13.12.2.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the ajaxguessnumber Example Using NetBeans IDE
    13.12.2.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the ajaxguessnumber Example Using Maven
    13.12.2.3 To Run the ajaxguessnumber Example
    13.13 Further Information about Ajax in JavaServer Faces Technology
    14 Composite Components: Advanced Topics and Example
    14.1 Attributes of a Composite Component
    14.2 Invoking a Managed Bean
    14.3 Validating Composite Component Values
    14.4 The compositecomponentlogin Example Application
    14.4.1 The Composite Component File
    14.4.2 The Using Page
    14.4.3 The Managed Bean
    14.4.4 Running the compositecomponentlogin Example
    14.4.4.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the compositecomponentlogin Example Using NetBeans IDE
    14.4.4.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the compositecomponentlogin Example Using Maven
    14.4.4.3 To Run the compositecomponentlogin Example
    15 Creating Custom UI Components and Other Custom Objects
    15.1 Determining Whether You Need a Custom Component or Renderer
    15.1.1 When to Use a Custom Component
    15.1.2 When to Use a Custom Renderer
    15.1.3 Component, Renderer, and Tag Combinations
    15.2 Understanding the Image Map Example
    15.2.1 Why Use JavaServer Faces Technology to Implement an Image Map?
    15.2.2 Understanding the Rendered HTML
    15.2.3 Understanding the Facelets Page
    15.2.4 Configuring Model Data
    15.2.5 Summary of the Image Map Application Classes
    15.3 Steps for Creating a Custom Component
    15.4 Creating Custom Component Classes
    15.4.1 Specifying the Component Family
    15.4.2 Performing Encoding
    15.4.3 Performing Decoding
    15.4.4 Enabling Component Properties to Accept Expressions
    15.4.5 Saving and Restoring State
    15.5 Delegating Rendering to a Renderer
    15.5.1 Creating the Renderer Class
    15.5.2 Identifying the Renderer Type
    15.6 Implementing an Event Listener
    15.6.1 Implementing Value-Change Listeners
    15.6.2 Implementing Action Listeners
    15.7 Handling Events for Custom Components
    15.8 Defining the Custom Component Tag in a Tag Library Descriptor
    15.9 Using a Custom Component
    15.10 Creating and Using a Custom Converter
    15.10.1 Creating a Custom Converter
    15.10.2 Using a Custom Converter
    15.11 Creating and Using a Custom Validator
    15.11.1 Implementing the Validator Interface
    15.11.2 Specifying a Custom Tag
    15.11.3 Using a Custom Validator
    15.12 Binding Component Values and Instances to Managed Bean Properties
    15.12.1 Binding a Component Value to a Property
    15.12.2 Binding a Component Value to an Implicit Object
    15.12.3 Binding a Component Instance to a Bean Property
    15.13 Binding Converters, Listeners, and Validators to Managed Bean Properties
    16 Configuring JavaServer Faces Applications
    16.1 Using Annotations to Configure Managed Beans
    16.1.1 Using Managed Bean Scopes
    16.1.1.1 Eager Application-Scoped Beans
    16.2 Application Configuration Resource File
    16.2.1 Ordering of Application Configuration Resource Files
    16.3 Using Faces Flows
    16.3.1 Packaging Flows in an Application
    16.3.2 The Simplest Possible Flow: The simple-flow Example Application
    16.3.2.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the simple-flow Example Using NetBeans IDE
    16.3.2.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the simple-flow Example Using Maven and the asadmin Command
    16.3.2.3 To Run the simple-flow Example
    16.3.3 The checkout-module Example Application
    16.3.3.1 The Facelets Pages for the checkout-module Example
    16.3.3.2 Using a Configuration File to Configure a Flow
    16.3.3.3 Using a Java Class to Configure a Flow
    16.3.3.4 The Flow-Scoped Managed Beans
    16.3.3.5 To Build, Package, and Deploy the checkout-module Example Using NetBeans IDE
    16.3.3.6 To Build, Package, and Deploy the checkout-module Example Using Maven and the asadmin Command
    16.3.3.7 To Run the checkout-module Example
    16.4 Configuring Managed Beans
    16.4.1 Using the managed-bean Element
    16.4.2 Initializing Properties Using the managed-property Element
    16.4.2.1 Referencing a Java Enum Type
    16.4.2.2 Referencing a Context Initialization Parameter
    16.4.2.3 Initializing Map Properties
    16.4.2.4 Initializing Array and List Properties
    16.4.2.5 Initializing Managed Bean Properties
    16.4.3 Initializing Maps and Lists
    16.5 Registering Application Messages
    16.5.1 Using FacesMessage to Create a Message
    16.5.2 Referencing Error Messages
    16.6 Using Default Validators
    16.7 Registering a Custom Validator
    16.8 Registering a Custom Converter
    16.9 Configuring Navigation Rules
    16.9.1 To Configure a Navigation Rule
    16.10 Registering a Custom Renderer with a Render Kit
    16.11 Registering a Custom Component
    16.12 Basic Requirements of a JavaServer Faces Application
    16.12.1 Configuring an Application with a Web Deployment Descriptor
    16.12.1.1 Identifying the Servlet for Lifecycle Processing
    16.12.1.2 To Specify a Path to an Application Configuration Resource File
    16.12.1.3 To Specify Where State Is Saved
    16.12.2 Configuring Project Stage
    16.12.3 Including the Classes, Pages, and Other Resources
    17 Java Servlet Technology
    17.1 What Is a Servlet?
    17.2 Servlet Lifecycle
    17.2.1 Handling Servlet Lifecycle Events
    17.2.1.1 Defining the Listener Class
    17.2.2 Handling Servlet Errors
    17.3 Sharing Information
    17.3.1 Using Scope Objects
    17.3.2 Controlling Concurrent Access to Shared Resources
    17.4 Creating and Initializing a Servlet
    17.5 Writing Service Methods
    17.5.1 Getting Information from Requests
    17.5.2 Constructing Responses
    17.6 Filtering Requests and Responses
    17.6.1 Programming Filters
    17.6.2 Programming Customized Requests and Responses
    17.6.3 Specifying Filter Mappings
    17.6.3.1 To Specify Filter Mappings Using NetBeans IDE
    17.7 Invoking Other Web Resources
    17.7.1 Including Other Resources in the Response
    17.7.2 Transferring Control to Another Web Component
    17.8 Accessing the Web Context
    17.9 Maintaining Client State
    17.9.1 Accessing a Session
    17.9.2 Associating Objects with a Session
    17.9.3 Session Management
    17.9.3.1 To Set the Timeout Period Using NetBeans IDE
    17.9.4 Session Tracking
    17.10 Finalizing a Servlet
    17.10.1 Tracking Service Requests
    17.10.2 Notifying Methods to Shut Down
    17.10.3 Creating Polite Long-Running Methods
    17.11 Uploading Files with Java Servlet Technology
    17.11.1 The @MultipartConfig Annotation
    17.11.2 The getParts and getPart Methods
    17.12 Asynchronous Processing
    17.12.1 Asynchronous Processing in Servlets
    17.12.2 Waiting for a Resource
    17.13 Non-Blocking I/O
    17.13.1 Reading a Large HTTP POST Request Using Non-Blocking I/O
    17.14 Protocol Upgrade Processing
    17.15 The mood Example Application
    17.15.1 Components of the mood Example Application
    17.15.2 Running the mood Example
    17.15.2.1 To Run the mood Example Using NetBeans IDE
    17.15.2.2 To Run the mood Example Using Maven
    17.16 The fileupload Example Application
    17.16.1 Architecture of the fileupload Example Application
    17.16.2 Running the fileupload Example
    17.16.2.1 To Build, Package, and Run the fileupload Example Using NetBeans IDE
    17.16.2.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the fileupload Example Using Maven
    17.16.2.3 To Run the fileupload Example
    17.17 The dukeetf Example Application
    17.17.1 Architecture of the dukeetf Example Application
    17.17.1.1 The Servlet
    17.17.1.2 The Enterprise Bean
    17.17.1.3 The HTML Page
    17.17.2 Running the dukeetf Example Application
    17.17.2.1 To Run the dukeetf Example Application Using NetBeans IDE
    17.17.2.2 To Run the dukeetf Example Application Using Maven
    17.18 Further Information about Java Servlet Technology
    18 Java API for WebSocket
    18.1 Introduction to WebSocket
    18.2 Creating WebSocket Applications in Java EE
    18.3 Programmatic Endpoints
    18.4 Annotated Endpoints
    18.5 Sending and Receiving Messages
    18.5.1 Sending Messages
    18.5.1.1 Sending Messages to All Peers Connected to an Endpoint
    18.5.2 Receiving Messages
    18.6 Maintaining Client State
    18.7 Using Encoders and Decoders
    18.7.1 Implementing Encoders to Convert Java Objects into WebSocket Messages
    18.7.2 Implementing Decoders to Convert WebSocket Messages into Java Objects
    18.8 Path Parameters
    18.9 Handling Errors
    18.10 The dukeetf2 Example Application
    18.10.1 Architecture of the dukeetf2 Sample Application
    18.10.1.1 The Endpoint
    18.10.1.2 The Enterprise Bean
    18.10.1.3 The HTML Page
    18.10.2 Running the dukeetf2 Example Application
    18.10.2.1 To Run the dukeetf2 Example Application Using NetBeans IDE
    18.10.2.2 To Run the dukeetf2 Example Application Using Maven
    18.11 The websocketbot Example Application
    18.11.1 Architecture of the websocketbot Example Application
    18.11.1.1 The CDI Bean
    18.11.1.2 The WebSocket Endpoint
    18.11.1.3 The Application Messages
    18.11.1.4 The Encoder Classes
    18.11.1.5 The Message Decoder
    18.11.1.6 The HTML Page
    18.11.2 Running the websocketbot Example Application
    18.11.2.1 To Configure a Proxy Server in the GlassFish Server
    18.11.2.2 To Run the websocketbot Example Application Using NetBeans IDE
    18.11.2.3 To Run the websocketbot Example Application Using Maven
    18.11.2.4 To Test the websocketbot Example Application
    18.12 Further Information about WebSocket
    19 JSON Processing
    19.1 Introduction to JSON
    19.1.1 JSON Syntax
    19.1.2 Uses of JSON
    19.1.3 Generating and Parsing JSON Data
    19.2 JSON Processing in Java EE
    19.3 Using the Object Model API
    19.3.1 Creating an Object Model from JSON Data
    19.3.2 Creating an Object Model from Application Code
    19.3.3 Navigating an Object Model
    19.3.4 Writing an Object Model to a Stream
    19.4 Using the Streaming API
    19.4.1 Reading JSON Data Using a Parser
    19.4.2 Writing JSON Data Using a Generator
    19.5 JSON in Java EE RESTful Web Services
    19.6 The jsonpmodel Example Application
    19.6.1 Components of the jsonpmodel Example Application
    19.6.2 Running the jsonpmodel Example Application
    19.6.2.1 To Run the jsonpmodel Example Application Using NetBeans IDE
    19.6.2.2 To Run the jsonpmodel Example Application using Maven
    19.7 The jsonpstreaming Example Application
    19.7.1 Components of the jsonpstreaming Example Application
    19.7.2 Running the jsonpstreaming Example Application
    19.7.2.1 To Run the jsonpstreaming Example Application Using NetBeans IDE
    19.7.2.2 To Run the jsonpstreaming Example Application Using Maven
    19.8 Further Information about the Java API for JSON Processing
    20 Internationalizing and Localizing Web Applications
    20.1 Java Platform Localization Classes
    20.2 Providing Localized Messages and Labels
    20.2.1 Establishing the Locale
    20.2.2 Setting the Resource Bundle
    20.2.3 Retrieving Localized Messages
    20.3 Date and Number Formatting
    20.4 Character Sets and Encodings
    20.4.1 Character Sets
    20.4.2 Character Encoding
    Part IV Web Services
    21 Introduction to Web Services
    21.1 What Are Web Services?
    21.2 Types of Web Services
    21.2.1 "Big" Web Services
    21.2.2 RESTful Web Services
    21.3 Deciding Which Type of Web Service to Use
    22 Building Web Services with JAX-WS
    22.1 Creating a Simple Web Service and Clients with JAX-WS
    22.1.1 Requirements of a JAX-WS Endpoint
    22.1.2 Coding the Service Endpoint Implementation Class
    22.1.3 Building, Packaging, and Deploying the Service
    22.1.3.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the Service Using NetBeans IDE
    22.1.3.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the Service Using Maven
    22.1.4 Testing the Methods of a Web Service Endpoint
    22.1.4.1 To Test the Service without a Client
    22.1.5 A Simple JAX-WS Application Client
    22.1.5.1 Coding the Application Client
    22.1.5.2 Running the Application Client
    22.1.6 A Simple JAX-WS Web Client
    22.1.6.1 Coding the Servlet
    22.1.6.2 Running the Web Client
    22.2 Types Supported by JAX-WS
    22.2.1 Schema-to-Java Mapping
    22.2.2 Java-to-Schema Mapping
    22.3 Web Services Interoperability and JAX-WS
    22.4 Further Information about JAX-WS
    23 Building RESTful Web Services with JAX-RS
    23.1 What Are RESTful Web Services?
    23.2 Creating a RESTful Root Resource Class
    23.2.1 Developing RESTful Web Services with JAX-RS
    23.2.2 Overview of a JAX-RS Application
    23.2.3 The @Path Annotation and URI Path Templates
    23.2.4 Responding to HTTP Methods and Requests
    23.2.4.1 The Request Method Designator Annotations
    23.2.4.2 Using Entity Providers to Map HTTP Response and Request Entity Bodies
    23.2.5 Using @Consumes and @Produces to Customize Requests and Responses
    23.2.5.1 The @Produces Annotation
    23.2.5.2 The @Consumes Annotation
    23.2.6 Extracting Request Parameters
    23.3 Example Applications for JAX-RS
    23.3.1 Creating A Simple RESTful Web Service
    23.3.1.1 To Create a RESTful Web Service Using NetBeans IDE
    23.3.2 The rsvp Example Application
    23.3.2.1 Components of the rsvp Example Application
    23.3.2.2 Running the rsvp Example Application
    23.3.3 Real-World Examples
    23.4 Further Information about JAX-RS
    24 Accessing REST Resources with the JAX-RS Client API
    24.1 Overview of the Client API
    24.1.1 Creating a Basic Client Request using the Client API
    24.1.1.1 Obtaining the Client Instance
    24.1.1.2 Setting the Client Target
    24.1.1.3 Setting Path Parameters in Targets
    24.1.1.4 Invoking the Request
    24.2 Using the Client API in the JAX-RS Example Applications
    24.2.1 The Client API in the rsvp Example Application
    24.2.2 The Client API in the customer Example Application
    24.3 Advanced Features of the Client API
    24.3.1 Configuring the Client Request
    24.3.1.1 Setting Message Headers in the Client Request
    24.3.1.2 Setting Cookies in the Client Request
    24.3.1.3 Adding Filters to the Client
    24.3.2 Asynchronous Invocations in the Client API
    24.3.2.1 Using Custom Callbacks in Asynchronous Invocations
    25 JAX-RS: Advanced Topics and Example
    25.1 Annotations for Field and Bean Properties of Resource Classes
    25.1.1 Extracting Path Parameters
    25.1.2 Extracting Query Parameters
    25.1.3 Extracting Form Data
    25.1.4 Extracting the Java Type of a Request or Response
    25.2 Validating Resource Data with Bean Validation
    25.2.1 Using Constraint Annotations on Resource Methods
    25.2.2 Validating Entity Data
    25.2.3 Validation Exception Handling and Response Codes
    25.3 Subresources and Runtime Resource Resolution
    25.3.1 Subresource Methods
    25.3.2 Subresource Locators
    25.4 Integrating JAX-RS with EJB Technology and CDI
    25.5 Conditional HTTP Requests
    25.6 Runtime Content Negotiation
    25.7 Using JAX-RS With JAXB
    25.7.1 Using Java Objects to Model Your Data
    25.7.2 Starting from an Existing XML Schema Definition
    25.7.3 Using JSON with JAX-RS and JAXB
    25.8 The customer Example Application
    25.8.1 Overview of the customer Example Application
    25.8.2 The Customer and Address Entity Classes
    25.8.3 The CustomerService Class
    25.8.4 Using the JAX-RS Client in the CustomerBean Classes
    25.8.5 Running the customer Example
    25.8.5.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the customer Example Using NetBeans IDE
    25.8.5.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the customer Example Using Maven
    Part V Enterprise Beans
    26 Enterprise Beans
    26.1 What Is an Enterprise Bean?
    26.1.1 Benefits of Enterprise Beans
    26.1.2 When to Use Enterprise Beans
    26.1.3 Types of Enterprise Beans
    26.2 What Is a Session Bean?
    26.2.1 Types of Session Beans
    26.2.1.1 Stateful Session Beans
    26.2.1.2 Stateless Session Beans
    26.2.1.3 Singleton Session Beans
    26.2.2 When to Use Session Beans
    26.3 What Is a Message-Driven Bean?
    26.3.1 What Makes Message-Driven Beans Different from Session Beans?
    26.3.2 When to Use Message-Driven Beans
    26.4 Accessing Enterprise Beans
    26.4.1 Using Enterprise Beans in Clients
    26.4.1.1 Portable JNDI Syntax
    26.4.2 Deciding on Remote or Local Access
    26.4.3 Local Clients
    26.4.3.1 Accessing Local Enterprise Beans Using the No-Interface View
    26.4.3.2 Accessing Local Enterprise Beans That Implement Business Interfaces
    26.4.4 Remote Clients
    26.4.5 Web Service Clients
    26.4.6 Method Parameters and Access
    26.4.6.1 Isolation
    26.4.6.2 Granularity of Accessed Data
    26.5 The Contents of an Enterprise Bean
    26.6 Naming Conventions for Enterprise Beans
    26.7 The Lifecycles of Enterprise Beans
    26.7.1 The Lifecycle of a Stateful Session Bean
    26.7.2 The Lifecycle of a Stateless Session Bean
    26.7.3 The Lifecycle of a Singleton Session Bean
    26.7.4 The Lifecycle of a Message-Driven Bean
    26.8 Further Information about Enterprise Beans
    27 Getting Started with Enterprise Beans
    27.1 Creating the Enterprise Bean
    27.1.1 Coding the Enterprise Bean Class
    27.1.2 Creating the converter Web Client
    27.1.3 Running the converter Example
    27.1.3.1 To Run the converter Example in NetBeans IDE
    27.1.3.2 To Run the converter Example Using Maven
    27.2 Modifying the Java EE Application
    27.2.1 To Modify a Class File
    28 Running the Enterprise Bean Examples
    28.1 The cart Example
    28.1.1 The Business Interface
    28.1.2 Session Bean Class
    28.1.2.1 Lifecycle Callback Methods
    28.1.2.2 Business Methods
    28.1.3 The @Remove Method
    28.1.4 Helper Classes
    28.1.5 Running the cart Example
    28.1.5.1 To Run the cart Example Using NetBeans IDE
    28.1.5.2 To Run the cart Example Using Maven
    28.2 A Singleton Session Bean Example: counter
    28.2.1 Creating a Singleton Session Bean
    28.2.1.1 Initializing Singleton Session Beans
    28.2.1.2 Managing Concurrent Access in a Singleton Session Bean
    28.2.1.3 Handling Errors in a Singleton Session Bean
    28.2.2 The Architecture of the counter Example
    28.2.3 Running the counter Example
    28.2.3.1 To Run the counter Example Using NetBeans IDE
    28.2.3.2 To Run the counter Example Using Maven
    28.3 A Web Service Example: helloservice
    28.3.1 The Web Service Endpoint Implementation Class
    28.3.2 Stateless Session Bean Implementation Class
    28.3.3 Running the helloservice Example
    28.3.3.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the helloservice Example Using NetBeans IDE
    28.3.3.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the helloservice Example Using Maven
    28.3.3.3 To Test the Service without a Client
    28.4 Using the Timer Service
    28.4.1 Creating Calendar-Based Timer Expressions
    28.4.1.1 Specifying Multiple Values in Calendar Expressions
    28.4.2 Programmatic Timers
    28.4.2.1 The @Timeout Method
    28.4.2.2 Creating Programmatic Timers
    28.4.3 Automatic Timers
    28.4.4 Canceling and Saving Timers
    28.4.5 Getting Timer Information
    28.4.6 Transactions and Timers
    28.4.7 The timersession Example
    28.4.8 Running the timersession Example
    28.4.8.1 To Run the timersession Example Using NetBeans IDE
    28.4.8.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the timersession Example Using Maven
    28.4.8.3 To Run the Web Client
    28.5 Handling Exceptions
    29 Using the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container
    29.1 Overview of the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container
    29.2 Developing Embeddable Enterprise Bean Applications
    29.2.1 Running Embedded Applications
    29.2.2 Creating the Enterprise Bean Container
    29.2.2.1 Explicitly Specifying Enterprise Bean Modules to be Initialized
    29.2.3 Looking Up Session Bean References
    29.2.4 Shutting Down the Enterprise Bean Container
    29.3 The standalone Example Application
    29.3.1 Runing the standalone Example Application in NetBeans IDE
    29.3.2 Running the standalone Example Application using Maven
    30 Using Asynchronous Method Invocation in Session Beans
    30.1 Asynchronous Method Invocation
    30.1.1 Creating an Asynchronous Business Method
    30.1.2 Calling Asynchronous Methods from Enterprise Bean Clients
    30.1.2.1 Retrieving the Final Result from an Asynchronous Method Invocation
    30.1.2.2 Cancelling an Asynchronous Method Invocation
    30.1.2.3 Checking the Status of an Asynchronous Method Invocation
    30.2 The async Example Application
    30.2.1 Architecture of the async Example Application
    30.2.2 Running the async Example
    30.2.2.1 To Configure the Keystore and Truststore in GlassFish Server
    30.2.2.2 To Run the async Example Application Using NetBeans IDE
    30.2.2.3 To Run the async Example Application Using Maven
    Part VI Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE
    31 Introduction to Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE
    31.1 Getting Started
    31.2 Overview of CDI
    31.3 About Beans
    31.4 About CDI Managed Beans
    31.5 Beans as Injectable Objects
    31.6 Using Qualifiers
    31.7 Injecting Beans
    31.8 Using Scopes
    31.9 Giving Beans EL Names
    31.10 Adding Setter and Getter Methods
    31.11 Using a Managed Bean in a Facelets Page
    31.12 Injecting Objects by Using Producer Methods
    31.13 Configuring a CDI Application
    31.14 Using the @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy Annotations With CDI Managed Bean Classes
    31.14.1 To Initialize a Managed Bean Using the @PostConstruct Annotation
    31.14.2 To Prepare for the Destruction of a Managed Bean Using the @PreDestroy Annotation
    31.15 Further Information about CDI
    32 Running the Basic Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples
    32.1 The simplegreeting CDI Example
    32.1.1 The simplegreeting Source Files
    32.1.2 The Facelets Template and Page
    32.1.3 Running the simplegreeting Example
    32.1.3.1 To Build, Package, and Run the simplegreeting Example Using NetBeans IDE
    32.1.3.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the simplegreeting Example Using Maven
    32.1.3.3 To Run the simplegreeting Example
    32.2 The guessnumber-cdi CDI Example
    32.2.1 The guessnumber-cdi Source Files
    32.2.1.1 The @MaxNumber and @Random Qualifier Interfaces
    32.2.1.2 The Generator Managed Bean
    32.2.1.3 The UserNumberBean Managed Bean
    32.2.2 The Facelets Page
    32.2.3 Running the guessnumber-cdi Example
    32.2.3.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the guessnumber-cdi Example Using NetBeans IDE
    32.2.3.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the guessnumber-cdi Example Using Maven
    32.2.3.3 To Run the guessnumber Example
    33 Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE: Advanced Topics
    33.1 Packaging CDI Applications
    33.2 Using Alternatives in CDI Applications
    33.2.1 Using Specialization
    33.3 Using Producer Methods, Producer Fields, and Disposer Methods in CDI Applications
    33.3.1 Using Producer Methods
    33.3.2 Using Producer Fields to Generate Resources
    33.3.3 Using a Disposer Method
    33.4 Using Predefined Beans in CDI Applications
    33.5 Using Events in CDI Applications
    33.5.1 Defining Events
    33.5.2 Using Observer Methods to Handle Events
    33.5.3 Firing Events
    33.6 Using Interceptors in CDI Applications
    33.7 Using Decorators in CDI Applications
    33.8 Using Stereotypes in CDI Applications
    34 Running the Advanced Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples
    34.1 The encoder Example: Using Alternatives
    34.1.1 The Coder Interface and Implementations
    34.1.2 The encoder Facelets Page and Managed Bean
    34.1.3 Running the encoder Example
    34.1.3.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the encoder Example Using NetBeans IDE
    34.1.3.2 To Run the encoder Example Using NetBeans IDE
    34.1.3.3 To Build, Package, and Deploy the encoder Example Using Maven
    34.1.3.4 To Run the encoder Example Using Maven
    34.2 The producermethods Example: Using a Producer Method To Choose a Bean Implementation
    34.2.1 Components of the producermethods Example
    34.2.2 Running the producermethods Example
    34.2.2.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the producermethods Example Using NetBeans IDE
    34.2.2.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the producermethods Example Using Maven
    34.2.2.3 To Run the producermethods Example
    34.3 The producerfields Example: Using Producer Fields to Generate Resources
    34.3.1 The Producer Field for the producerfields Example
    34.3.2 The producerfields Entity and Session Bean
    34.3.3 The producerfields Facelets Pages and Managed Bean
    34.3.4 Running the producerfields Example
    34.3.4.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the producerfields Example Using NetBeans IDE
    34.3.4.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the producerfields Example Using Maven
    34.3.4.3 To Run the producerfields Example
    34.4 The billpayment Example: Using Events and Interceptors
    34.4.1 The PaymentEvent Event Class
    34.4.2 The PaymentHandler Event Listener
    34.4.3 The billpayment Facelets Pages and Managed Bean
    34.4.4 The LoggedInterceptor Interceptor Class
    34.4.5 Running the billpayment Example
    34.4.5.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the billpayment Example Using NetBeans IDE
    34.4.5.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the billpayment Example Using Maven
    34.4.5.3 To Run the billpayment Example
    34.5 The decorators Example: Decorating a Bean
    34.5.1 Components of the decorators Example
    34.5.2 Running the decorators Example
    34.5.2.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the decorators Example Using NetBeans IDE
    34.5.2.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the decorators Example Using Maven
    34.5.2.3 To Run the decorators Example
    Part VII Persistence
    35 Introduction to the Java Persistence API
    35.1 Entities
    35.1.1 Requirements for Entity Classes
    35.1.2 Persistent Fields and Properties in Entity Classes
    35.1.2.1 Persistent Fields
    35.1.2.2 Persistent Properties
    35.1.2.3 Using Collections in Entity Fields and Properties
    35.1.2.4 Validating Persistent Fields and Properties
    35.1.3 Primary Keys in Entities
    35.1.4 Multiplicity in Entity Relationships
    35.1.5 Direction in Entity Relationships
    35.1.5.1 Bidirectional Relationships
    35.1.5.2 Unidirectional Relationships
    35.1.5.3 Queries and Relationship Direction
    35.1.5.4 Cascade Operations and Relationships
    35.1.5.5 Orphan Removal in Relationships
    35.1.6 Embeddable Classes in Entities
    35.2 Entity Inheritance
    35.2.1 Abstract Entities
    35.2.2 Mapped Superclasses
    35.2.3 Non-Entity Superclasses
    35.2.4 Entity Inheritance Mapping Strategies
    35.2.4.1 The Single Table per Class Hierarchy Strategy
    35.2.4.2 The Table per Concrete Class Strategy
    35.2.4.3 The Joined Subclass Strategy
    35.3 Managing Entities
    35.3.1 The EntityManager Interface
    35.3.1.1 Container-Managed Entity Managers
    35.3.1.2 Application-Managed Entity Managers
    35.3.1.3 Finding Entities Using the EntityManager
    35.3.1.4 Managing an Entity Instance's Lifecycle
    35.3.1.5 Persisting Entity Instances
    35.3.1.6 Removing Entity Instances
    35.3.1.7 Synchronizing Entity Data to the Database
    35.3.2 Persistence Units
    35.4 Querying Entities
    35.5 Further Information about Persistence
    36 Running the Persistence Examples
    36.1 The order Application
    36.1.1 Entity Relationships in the order Application
    36.1.1.1 Self-Referential Relationships
    36.1.1.2 One-to-One Relationships
    36.1.1.3 One-to-Many Relationship Mapped to Overlapping Primary and Foreign Keys
    36.1.1.4 Unidirectional Relationships
    36.1.2 Primary Keys in the order Application
    36.1.2.1 Generated Primary Keys
    36.1.2.2 Compound Primary Keys
    36.1.3 Entity Mapped to More Than One Database Table
    36.1.4 Cascade Operations in the order Application
    36.1.5 BLOB and CLOB Database Types in the order Application
    36.1.6 Temporal Types in the order Application
    36.1.7 Managing the order Application's Entities
    36.1.7.1 Creating Entities
    36.1.7.2 Finding Entities
    36.1.7.3 Setting Entity Relationships
    36.1.7.4 Using Queries
    36.1.7.5 Removing Entities
    36.1.8 Running the order Example
    36.1.8.1 To Run the order Example Using NetBeans IDE
    36.1.8.2 To Run the order Example Using Maven
    36.2 The roster Application
    36.2.1 Relationships in the roster Application
    36.2.1.1 The Many-To-Many Relationship in roster
    36.2.2 Entity Inheritance in the roster Application
    36.2.3 Criteria Queries in the roster Application
    36.2.3.1 Metamodel Classes in the roster Application
    36.2.3.2 Obtaining a CriteriaBuilder Instance in RequestBean
    36.2.3.3 Creating Criteria Queries in RequestBean's Business Methods
    36.2.4 Automatic Table Generation in the roster Application
    36.2.5 Running the roster Example
    36.2.5.1 To Run the roster Example Using NetBeans IDE
    36.2.5.2 To Run the roster Example Using Maven
    36.3 The address-book Application
    36.3.1 Bean Validation Constraints in address-book
    36.3.2 Specifying Error Messages for Constraints in address-book
    36.3.3 Validating Contact Input from a JavaServer Faces Application
    36.3.4 Running the address-book Example
    36.3.4.1 To Run the address-book Example Using NetBeans IDE
    36.3.4.2 To Run the address-book Example Using Maven
    37 The Java Persistence Query Language
    37.1 Query Language Terminology
    37.2 Creating Queries Using the Java Persistence Query Language
    37.2.1 Named Parameters in Queries
    37.2.2 Positional Parameters in Queries
    37.3 Simplified Query Language Syntax
    37.3.1 Select Statements
    37.3.2 Update and Delete Statements
    37.4 Example Queries
    37.4.1 Simple Queries
    37.4.1.1 A Basic Select Query
    37.4.1.2 Eliminating Duplicate Values
    37.4.1.3 Using Named Parameters
    37.4.2 Queries That Navigate to Related Entities
    37.4.2.1 A Simple Query with Relationships
    37.4.2.2 Navigating to Single-Valued Relationship Fields
    37.4.2.3 Traversing Relationships with an Input Parameter
    37.4.2.4 Traversing Multiple Relationships
    37.4.2.5 Navigating According to Related Fields
    37.4.3 Queries with Other Conditional Expressions
    37.4.3.1 The LIKE Expression
    37.4.3.2 The IS NULL Expression
    37.4.3.3 The IS EMPTY Expression
    37.4.3.4 The BETWEEN Expression
    37.4.3.5 Comparison Operators
    37.4.4 Bulk Updates and Deletes
    37.4.4.1 Update Queries
    37.4.4.2 Delete Queries
    37.5 Full Query Language Syntax
    37.5.1 BNF Symbols
    37.5.2 BNF Grammar of the Java Persistence Query Language
    37.5.3 FROM Clause
    37.5.3.1 Identifiers
    37.5.3.2 Identification Variables
    37.5.3.3 Range Variable Declarations
    37.5.3.4 Collection Member Declarations
    37.5.3.5 Joins
    37.5.4 Path Expressions
    37.5.4.1 Examples of Path Expressions
    37.5.4.2 Expression Types
    37.5.4.3 Navigation
    37.5.5 WHERE Clause
    37.5.5.1 Literals
    37.5.5.2 Input Parameters
    37.5.5.3 Conditional Expressions
    37.5.5.4 Operators and Their Precedence
    37.5.5.5 BETWEEN Expressions
    37.5.5.6 IN Expressions
    37.5.5.7 LIKE Expressions
    37.5.5.8 NULL Comparison Expressions
    37.5.5.9 Empty Collection Comparison Expressions
    37.5.5.10 Collection Member Expressions
    37.5.5.11 Subqueries
    37.5.5.12 Functional Expressions
    37.5.5.13 Case Expressions
    37.5.5.14 NULL Values
    37.5.5.15 Equality Semantics
    37.5.6 SELECT Clause
    37.5.6.1 Return Types
    37.5.6.2 The DISTINCT Keyword
    37.5.6.3 Constructor Expressions
    37.5.7 ORDER BY Clause
    37.5.8 GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses
    38 Using the Criteria API to Create Queries
    38.1 Overview of the Criteria and Metamodel APIs
    38.2 Using the Metamodel API to Model Entity Classes
    38.2.1 Using Metamodel Classes
    38.3 Using the Criteria API and Metamodel API to Create Basic Typesafe Queries
    38.3.1 Creating a Criteria Query
    38.3.2 Query Roots
    38.3.3 Querying Relationships Using Joins
    38.3.4 Path Navigation in Criteria Queries
    38.3.5 Restricting Criteria Query Results
    38.3.5.1 The Expression Interface Methods
    38.3.5.2 Expression Methods in the CriteriaBuilder Interface
    38.3.6 Managing Criteria Query Results
    38.3.6.1 Ordering Results
    38.3.6.2 Grouping Results
    38.3.7 Executing Queries
    38.3.7.1 Single-Valued Query Results
    38.3.7.2 Collection-Valued Query Results
    39 Creating and Using String-Based Criteria Queries
    39.1 Overview of String-Based Criteria API Queries
    39.1.1 Creating String-Based Queries
    39.1.2 Executing String-Based Queries
    40 Controlling Concurrent Access to Entity Data with Locking
    40.1 Overview of Entity Locking and Concurrency
    40.1.1 Using Optimistic Locking
    40.2 Lock Modes
    40.2.1 Setting the Lock Mode
    40.2.2 Using Pessimistic Locking
    40.2.2.1 Pessimistic Locking Timeouts
    41 Using a Second-Level Cache with Java Persistence API Applications
    41.1 Overview of the Second-Level Cache
    41.1.1 Controlling Whether Entities May Be Cached
    41.2 Specifying the Cache Mode Settings to Improve Performance
    41.2.1 Setting the Cache Retrieval and Store Modes
    41.2.1.1 Cache Retrieval Mode
    41.2.1.2 Cache Store Mode
    41.2.1.3 Setting the Cache Retrieval or Store Mode
    41.2.2 Controlling the Second-Level Cache Programmatically
    41.2.2.1 Checking Whether An Entity's Data is Cached
    41.2.2.2 Removing an Entity from the Cache
    41.2.2.3 Removing All Data from the Cache
    Part VIII Messaging
    42 Java Message Service Concepts
    42.1 Overview of the JMS API
    42.1.1 What Is Messaging?
    42.1.2 What Is the JMS API?
    42.1.3 When Can You Use the JMS API?
    42.1.4 How Does the JMS API Work with the Java EE Platform?
    42.2 Basic JMS API Concepts
    42.2.1 JMS API Architecture
    42.2.2 Messaging Styles
    42.2.2.1 Point-to-Point Messaging Style
    42.2.2.2 Publish/Subscribe Messaging Style
    42.2.3 Message Consumption
    42.3 The JMS API Programming Model
    42.3.1 JMS Administered Objects
    42.3.1.1 JMS Connection Factories
    42.3.1.2 JMS Destinations
    42.3.2 Connections
    42.3.3 Sessions
    42.3.4 JMSContext Objects
    42.3.5 JMS Message Producers
    42.3.6 JMS Message Consumers
    42.3.6.1 JMS Message Listeners
    42.3.6.2 JMS Message Selectors
    42.3.6.3 Consuming Messages from Topics
    42.3.6.4 Creating Durable Subscriptions
    42.3.6.5 Creating Shared Subscriptions
    42.3.7 JMS Messages
    42.3.7.1 Message Headers
    42.3.7.2 Message Properties
    42.3.7.3 Message Bodies
    42.3.8 JMS Queue Browsers
    42.3.9 JMS Exception Handling
    42.4 Using Advanced JMS Features
    42.4.1 Controlling Message Acknowledgment
    42.4.2 Specifying Options for Sending Messages
    42.4.2.1 Specifying Message Persistence
    42.4.2.2 Setting Message Priority Levels
    42.4.2.3 Allowing Messages to Expire
    42.4.2.4 Specifying a Delivery Delay
    42.4.2.5 Using JMSProducer Method Chaining
    42.4.3 Creating Temporary Destinations
    42.4.4 Using JMS Local Transactions
    42.4.5 Sending Messages Asynchronously
    42.5 Using the JMS API in Java EE Applications
    42.5.1 Creating Resources for Java EE Applications
    42.5.2 Using Resource Injection in Enterprise Bean or Web Components
    42.5.2.1 Injecting a ConnectionFactory, Topic, or Queue
    42.5.2.2 Injecting a JMSContext Object
    42.5.3 Using Java EE Components to Produce and to Synchronously Receive Messages
    42.5.3.1 Managing JMS Resources in Web and EJB Components
    42.5.3.2 Managing Transactions in Session Beans
    42.5.4 Using Message-Driven Beans to Receive Messages Asynchronously
    42.5.5 Managing JTA Transactions
    42.6 Further Information about JMS
    43 Java Message Service Examples
    43.1 Overview of the JMS Examples
    43.2 Writing Simple JMS Applications
    43.2.1 Starting the JMS Provider
    43.2.2 Creating JMS Administered Objects
    43.2.2.1 To Create Resources for the Simple Examples
    43.2.3 Building All the Simple Examples
    43.2.3.1 To Build All the Simple Examples Using NetBeans IDE
    43.2.3.2 To Build All the Simple Examples on the Command Line
    43.2.4 Sending Messages
    43.2.4.1 The Producer.java Client
    43.2.4.2 To Run the Producer Client
    43.2.5 Receiving Messages Synchronously
    43.2.5.1 The SynchConsumer.java Client
    43.2.5.2 To Run the SynchConsumer and Producer Clients
    43.2.6 Using a Message Listener for Asynchronous Message Delivery
    43.2.6.1 Writing the AsynchConsumer.java and TextListener.java Clients
    43.2.6.2 To Run the AsynchConsumer and Producer Clients
    43.2.7 Browsing Messages on a Queue
    43.2.7.1 The MessageBrowser.java Client
    43.2.7.2 To Run the QueueBrowser Client
    43.2.8 Running Multiple Consumers on the Same Destination
    43.2.9 Acknowledging Messages
    43.2.9.1 To Run the ClientAckConsumer Client
    43.3 Writing More Advanced JMS Applications
    43.3.1 Using Durable Subscriptions
    43.3.1.1 To Create Resources for the Durable Subscription Example
    43.3.1.2 To Run the Durable Subscription Example
    43.3.1.3 To Run the unsubscriber Example
    43.3.2 Using Local Transactions
    43.3.2.1 To Create Resources for the transactedexample Example
    43.3.2.2 To Run the transactedexample Clients
    43.4 Writing High Performance and Scalable JMS Applications
    43.4.1 Using Shared Nondurable Subscriptions
    43.4.1.1 Writing the Clients for the Shared Consumer Example
    43.4.1.2 To Run the SharedConsumer and Producer Clients
    43.4.2 Using Shared Durable Subscriptions
    43.4.2.1 To Run the ShareDurableSubscriberExample and Producer Clients
    43.5 Sending and Receiving Messages Using a Simple Web Application
    43.5.1 The websimplemessage Facelets Pages
    43.5.2 The websimplemessage Managed Beans
    43.5.3 Running the websimplemessage Example
    43.5.3.1 Creating Resources for the websimplemessage Example
    43.5.3.2 To Package and Deploy websimplemessage Using NetBeans IDE
    43.5.3.3 To Package and Deploy websimplemessage Using Maven
    43.5.3.4 To Run the websimplemessage Example
    43.6 Receiving Messages Asynchronously using a Message-Driven Bean
    43.6.1 Overview of the simplemessage Example
    43.6.2 The simplemessage Application Client
    43.6.3 The simplemessage Message-Driven Bean Class
    43.6.3.1 The onMessage Method
    43.6.4 Running the simplemessage Example
    43.6.4.1 Ereating Resources for the simplemessage Example
    43.6.4.2 To Run the simplemessage Example Using NetBeans IDE
    43.6.4.3 To Run the simplemessage Example Using Maven
    43.7 Sending Messages from a Session Bean to an MDB
    43.7.1 Writing the Application Components for the clientsessionmdb Example
    43.7.1.1 Coding the Application Client: MyAppClient.java
    43.7.1.2 Coding the Publisher Session Bean
    43.7.1.3 Coding the Message-Driven Bean: MessageBean.java
    43.7.2 Running the clientsessionmdb Example
    43.7.2.1 To Run clientsessionmdb Using NetBeans IDE
    43.7.2.2 To Run clientsessionmdb Using Maven
    43.8 Using an Entity to Join Messages from Two MDBs
    43.8.1 Overview of the clientmdbentity Example Application
    43.8.2 Writing the Application Components for the clientmdbentity Example
    43.8.2.1 Coding the Application Client: HumanResourceClient.java
    43.8.2.2 Coding the Message-Driven Beans for the clientmdbentity Example
    43.8.2.3 Coding the Entity Class for the clientmdbentity Example
    43.8.3 Running the clientmdbentity Example
    43.8.3.1 To Run clientmdbentity Using NetBeans IDE
    43.8.3.2 To Run clientmdbentity Using Maven
    43.8.3.3 Viewing the Application Output
    43.9 Using NetBeans IDE to Create JMS Resources
    43.9.1 To Create JMS Resources Using NetBeans IDE
    43.9.2 To Delete JMS Resources Using NetBeans IDE
    Part IX Security
    44 Introduction to Security in the Java EE Platform
    44.1 Overview of Java EE Security
    44.1.1 A Simple Application Security Walkthrough
    44.1.1.1 Step 1: Initial Request
    44.1.1.2 Step 2: Initial Authentication
    44.1.1.3 Step 3: URL Authorization
    44.1.1.4 Step 4: Fulfilling the Original Request
    44.1.1.5 Step 5: Invoking Enterprise Bean Business Methods
    44.1.2 Features of a Security Mechanism
    44.1.3 Characteristics of Application Security
    44.2 Security Mechanisms
    44.2.1 Java SE Security Mechanisms
    44.2.2 Java EE Security Mechanisms
    44.2.2.1 Application-Layer Security
    44.2.2.2 Transport-Layer Security
    44.2.2.3 Message-Layer Security
    44.3 Securing Containers
    44.3.1 Using Annotations to Specify Security Information
    44.3.2 Using Deployment Descriptors for Declarative Security
    44.3.3 Using Programmatic Security
    44.4 Securing the GlassFish Server
    44.5 Working with Realms, Users, Groups, and Roles
    44.5.1 What Are Realms, Users, Groups, and Roles?
    44.5.1.1 What Is a Realm?
    44.5.1.2 What Is a User?
    44.5.1.3 What Is a Group?
    44.5.1.4 What Is a Role?
    44.5.1.5 Some Other Terminology
    44.5.2 Managing Users and Groups on the GlassFish Server
    44.5.2.1 To Add Users to the GlassFish Server
    44.5.3 Setting Up Security Roles
    44.5.4 Mapping Roles to Users and Groups
    44.6 Establishing a Secure Connection Using SSL
    44.6.1 Verifying and Configuring SSL Support
    44.7 Further Information about Security
    45 Getting Started Securing Web Applications
    45.1 Overview of Web Application Security
    45.2 Securing Web Applications
    45.2.1 Specifying Security Constraints
    45.2.1.1 Specifying a Web Resource Collection
    45.2.1.2 Specifying an Authorization Constraint
    45.2.1.3 Specifying a Secure Connection
    45.2.1.4 Specifying Security Constraints for Resources
    45.2.2 Specifying Authentication Mechanisms
    45.2.2.1 HTTP Basic Authentication
    45.2.2.2 Form-Based Authentication
    45.2.2.3 Digest Authentication
    45.2.3 Specifying an Authentication Mechanism in the Deployment Descriptor
    45.2.4 Declaring Security Roles
    45.3 Using Programmatic Security with Web Applications
    45.3.1 Authenticating Users Programmatically
    45.3.2 Checking Caller Identity Programmatically
    45.3.3 Example Code for Programmatic Security
    45.3.4 Declaring and Linking Role References
    45.4 Examples: Securing Web Applications
    45.4.1 To Set Up Your System for Running the Security Examples
    45.4.2 The hello2-basicauth Example: Basic Authentication with a Servlet
    45.4.2.1 Specifying Security for Basic Authentication Using Annotations
    45.4.2.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the hello2-basicauth Example Using NetBeans IDE
    45.4.2.3 To Build, Package, and Deploy the hello2-basicauth Example Using Maven
    45.4.2.4 To Run the hello2-basicauth Example
    45.4.3 The hello1-formauth Example: Form-Based Authentication with a JavaServer Faces Application
    45.4.3.1 Creating the Login Form and the Error Page
    45.4.3.2 Specifying Security for the Form-Based Authentication Example
    45.4.3.3 To Build, Package, and Deploy the hello1-formauth Example Using NetBeans IDE
    45.4.3.4 To Build, Package, and Deploy the hello1-formauth Example Using Maven and the asadmin Command
    45.4.3.5 To Run the hello1-formauth Example
    46 Getting Started Securing Enterprise Applications
    46.1 Basic Security Tasks for Enterprise Applications
    46.2 Securing Enterprise Beans
    46.2.1 Securing an Enterprise Bean Using Declarative Security
    46.2.1.1 Specifying Authorized Users by Declaring Security Roles
    46.2.1.2 Specifying an Authentication Mechanism and Secure Connection
    46.2.2 Securing an Enterprise Bean Programmatically
    46.2.2.1 Accessing an Enterprise Bean Caller's Security Context
    46.2.3 Propagating a Security Identity (Run-As)
    46.2.3.1 Configuring a Component's Propagated Security Identity
    46.2.3.2 Trust between Containers
    46.2.4 Deploying Secure Enterprise Beans
    46.3 Examples: Securing Enterprise Beans
    46.3.1 The cart-secure Example: Securing an Enterprise Bean with Declarative Security
    46.3.1.1 Annotating the Bean
    46.3.1.2 To Run the cart-secure Example Using NetBeans IDE
    46.3.1.3 To Run the cart-secure Example Using Maven
    46.3.2 The converter-secure Example: Securing an Enterprise Bean with Programmatic Security
    46.3.2.1 Modifying ConverterBean
    46.3.2.2 Modifying ConverterServlet
    46.3.2.3 To Run the converter-secure Example Using NetBeans IDE
    46.3.2.4 To Run the converter-secure Example Using Maven
    46.3.2.5 To Run the converter-secure Example
    47 Java EE Security: Advanced Topics
    47.1 Working with Digital Certificates
    47.1.1 Creating a Server Certificate
    47.1.1.1 To Use keytool to Create a Server Certificate
    47.1.2 Adding Users to the Certificate Realm
    47.1.3 Using a Different Server Certificate with the GlassFish Server
    47.1.3.1 To Specify a Different Server Certificate
    47.2 Authentication Mechanisms
    47.2.1 Client Authentication
    47.2.2 Mutual Authentication
    47.2.2.1 Enabling Mutual Authentication over SSL
    47.2.2.2 Creating a Client Certificate for Mutual Authentication
    47.3 Using Form-Based Login in JavaServer Faces Web Applications
    47.3.1 Using j_security_check in JavaServer Faces Forms
    47.3.2 Using a Managed Bean for Authentication in JavaServer Faces Applications
    47.4 Using the JDBC Realm for User Authentication
    47.4.1 To Configure a JDBC Authentication Realm
    47.5 Securing HTTP Resources
    47.6 Securing Application Clients
    47.6.1 Using Login Modules
    47.6.2 Using Programmatic Login
    47.7 Securing Enterprise Information Systems Applications
    47.7.1 Container-Managed Sign-On
    47.7.2 Component-Managed Sign-On
    47.7.3 Configuring Resource Adapter Security
    47.7.4 Mapping an Application Principal to EIS Principals
    47.8 Configuring Security Using Deployment Descriptors
    47.8.1 Specifying Security for Basic Authentication in the Deployment Descriptor
    47.8.2 Specifying Non-Default Principal-to-Role Mapping in the Deployment Descriptor
    47.9 Further Information about Security
    Part X Java EE Supporting Technologies
    48 Transactions
    48.1 Transactions in Java EE Applications
    48.2 What Is a Transaction?
    48.3 Container-Managed Transactions
    48.3.1 Transaction Attributes
    48.3.1.1 Required Attribute
    48.3.1.2 RequiresNew Attribute
    48.3.1.3 Mandatory Attribute
    48.3.1.4 NotSupported Attribute
    48.3.1.5 Supports Attribute
    48.3.1.6 Never Attribute
    48.3.1.7 Summary of Transaction Attributes
    48.3.1.8 Setting Transaction Attributes
    48.3.2 Rolling Back a Container-Managed Transaction
    48.3.3 Synchronizing a Session Bean's Instance Variables
    48.3.4 Methods Not Allowed in Container-Managed Transactions
    48.4 Bean-Managed Transactions
    48.4.1 JTA Transactions
    48.4.2 Returning without Committing
    48.4.3 Methods Not Allowed in Bean-Managed Transactions
    48.5 Transaction Timeouts
    48.5.1 To Set a Transaction Timeout
    48.6 Updating Multiple Databases
    48.7 Transactions in Web Components
    48.8 Further Information about Transactions
    49 Resource Adapters and Contracts
    49.1 What Is a Resource Adapter?
    49.1.1 Management Contracts
    49.1.1.1 Lifecycle Management
    49.1.1.2 Work Management Contract
    49.1.2 Generic Work Context Contract
    49.1.3 Outbound and Inbound Contracts
    49.2 Metadata Annotations
    49.3 Common Client Interface
    49.4 Using Resource Adapters With Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE (CDI)
    49.5 Further Information about Resource Adapters
    50 The Resource Adapter Examples
    50.1 The outboundconnector Example
    50.1.1 Using the Outbound Resource Adapter
    50.1.2 Implementing the Outbound Resource Adapter
    50.1.3 Running the outboundconnector Example
    50.1.3.1 To Run the outboundconnector Example using NetBeans IDE
    50.1.3.2 To Run the outboundconnector Example from the Command Line
    50.2 The inboundconnector Example
    50.2.1 Using the Inbound Resource Adapter
    50.2.2 Implementing the Inbound Resource Adapter
    50.2.3 Running the inboundconnector Example
    50.2.3.1 To Run the inboundconnector Example using NetBeans IDE
    50.2.3.2 To Run the inboundconnector Example from the Command Line
    51 Bean Validation: Advanced Topics
    51.1 Creating Custom Constraints
    51.1.1 Using the Built-In Constraints to Make a New Constraint
    51.2 Customizing Validator Messages
    51.2.1 The ValidationMessages Resource Bundle
    51.2.1.1 Localizing Validation Messages
    51.3 Grouping Constraints
    51.3.1 Customizing Group Validation Order
    51.4 Using Method Constraints in Type Hierarchies
    51.4.1 Rules for Using Method Constraints in Type Hierarchies
    52 Using Java EE Interceptors
    52.1 Overview of Interceptors
    52.1.1 Interceptor Classes
    52.1.2 Interceptor Lifecycle
    52.1.3 Interceptors and CDI
    52.2 Using Interceptors
    52.2.1 Intercepting Method Invocations
    52.2.1.1 Using Multiple Method Interceptors
    52.2.1.2 Accessing Target Method Parameters From an Interceptor Class
    52.2.2 Intercepting Lifecycle Callback Events
    52.2.2.1 Using AroundConstruct Interceptor Methods
    52.2.2.2 Using Multiple Lifecycle Callback Interceptors
    52.2.3 Intercepting Timeout Events
    52.2.3.1 Using Multiple Timeout Interceptors
    52.2.4 Binding Interceptors to Components
    52.2.4.1 Declaring the Interceptor Bindings on an Interceptor Class
    52.2.4.2 Binding a Component to an Interceptor
    52.2.5 Ordering Interceptors
    52.3 The interceptor Example Application
    52.3.1 Running the interceptor Example
    52.3.1.1 To Run the interceptor Example Using NetBeans IDE
    52.3.1.2 To Run the interceptor Example Using Maven
    53 Batch Processing
    53.1 Introduction to Batch Processing
    53.1.1 Steps in Batch Jobs
    53.1.2 Status and Decision Elements
    53.1.3 Parallel Processing
    53.1.4 Batch Framework Functionality
    53.2 Batch Processing in Java EE
    53.2.1 The Batch Processing Framework
    53.2.2 Creating Batch Applications
    53.2.3 Elements of a Batch Job
    53.2.4 Properties and Parameters
    53.2.5 Job Instances and Job Executions
    53.2.6 Batch and Exit Status
    53.3 Simple Use Case
    53.3.1 Chunk Step
    53.3.2 Task Step
    53.4 Using the Job Specification Language
    53.4.1 The job Element
    53.4.2 The step Element
    53.4.2.1 The chunk Element
    53.4.2.2 The batchlet Element
    53.4.2.3 The partition Element
    53.4.3 The flow Element
    53.4.4 The split Element
    53.4.5 The decision Element
    53.5 Creating Batch Artifacts
    53.5.1 Batch Artifact Interfaces
    53.5.2 Dependency Injection in Batch Artifacts
    53.5.3 Using the Context Objects from the Batch Runtime
    53.6 Submitting Jobs to the Batch Runtime
    53.6.1 Starting a Job
    53.6.2 Checking the Status of a Job
    53.6.3 Invoking the Batch Runtime in Your Application
    53.7 Packaging Batch Applications
    53.8 The webserverlog Example Application
    53.8.1 Architecture of the webserverlog Example Application
    53.8.1.1 The Job Definition File
    53.8.1.2 The LogLine and LogFilteredLine Items
    53.8.1.3 The Chunk Step Batch Artifacts
    53.8.1.4 The Listener Batch Artifacts
    53.8.1.5 The Task Step Batch Artifact
    53.8.1.6 The JavaServer Faces Pages
    53.8.1.7 The Session Bean
    53.8.2 Running the webserverlog Example Application
    53.8.2.1 To Run the webserverlog Example Application Using NetBeans IDE
    53.8.2.2 To Run the webserverlog Example Application Using Maven
    53.9 The phonebilling Example Application
    53.9.1 Architecture of the phonebilling Example Application
    53.9.1.1 The Job Definition File
    53.9.1.2 The CallRecord and PhoneBill Entities
    53.9.1.3 The Call Records Chunk Step
    53.9.1.4 The Phone Billing Chunk Step
    53.9.1.5 The JavaServer Faces Pages
    53.9.1.6 The Session Bean
    53.9.2 Running the phonebilling Example Application
    53.9.2.1 To Run the phonebilling Example Application Using NetBeans IDE
    53.9.2.2 To Run the phonebilling Example Application Using Maven
    53.10 Further Information about Batch Processing
    54 Concurrency Utilities
    54.1 Concurrency Basics
    54.1.1 Threads and Processes
    54.2 Main Components of the Concurrency Utilities
    54.3 Concurrency and Transactions
    54.4 Concurrency and Security
    54.5 The jobs Concurrency Example
    54.5.1 Running the jobs Example
    54.5.1.1 To Configure GlassFish Server for the Basic Concurrency Example
    54.5.1.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the jobs Example Using NetBeans IDE
    54.5.1.3 To Build, Package, and Deploy the jobs Example Using Maven
    54.5.1.4 To Run the jobs Example and Submit Jobs With Low Priority
    54.5.1.5 To Run the jobs Example and Submit Jobs With High Priority
    Part XI Case Studies
    55 Duke's Bookstore Case Study Example
    55.1 Design and Architecture of Duke's Bookstore
    55.2 The Duke's Bookstore Interface
    55.2.1 The Book Java Persistence API Entity
    55.2.2 Enterprise Beans Used in Duke's Bookstore
    55.2.3 Facelets Pages and Managed Beans Used in Duke's Bookstore
    55.2.4 Custom Components and Other Custom Objects Used in Duke's Bookstore
    55.2.5 Properties Files Used in Duke's Bookstore
    55.2.6 Deployment Descriptors Used in Duke's Bookstore
    55.3 Running the Duke's Bookstore Case Study Application
    55.3.1 To Build and Deploy Duke's Bookstore Using NetBeans IDE
    55.3.2 To Build and Deploy Duke's Bookstore Using Maven
    55.3.3 To Run Duke's Bookstore
    Index
    Symbols
    A
    B
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    D
    E
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    G
    H
    I
    J
    K
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    M
    N
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    X
    The Java EE 7 Tutorial Release 7 for Java EE Platform E39031-01 August 2013
    The Java EE 7 Tutorial, Release 7 for Java EE Platform E39031-01 Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Primary Author: Eric Jendrock, Ricardo Cervera-Navarro, Ian Evans, Devika Gollapudi, Kim Haase, William Markito, Chinmayee Srivathsa Contributing Author: Contributor: This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Programs, software, databases, and related documentation and technical data delivered to U.S. Government customers are "commercial computer software" or "commercial technical data" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, the use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation shall be subject to the restrictions and license terms set forth in the applicable Government contract, and, to the extent applicable by the terms of the Government contract, the additional rights set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software License (December 2007). Oracle America, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065. This software or hardware is developed for general use in a variety of information management applications. It is not developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications, including applications that may create a risk of personal injury. If you use this software or hardware in dangerous applications, then you shall be responsible to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure its safe use. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates disclaim any liability for any damages caused by use of this software or hardware in dangerous applications. Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Intel and Intel Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. AMD, Opteron, the AMD logo, and the AMD Opteron logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. This software or hardware and documentation may provide access to or information on content, products, and services from third parties. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates are not responsible for and expressly disclaim all warranties of any kind with respect to third-party content, products, and services. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates will not be responsible for any loss, costs, or damages incurred due to your access to or use of third-party content, products, or services.
    Contents Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... xxxvii Audience................................................................................................................................................ xxxvii Documentation Accessibility.............................................................................................................. xxxvii Before You Read This Book................................................................................................................ xxxviii Related Documentation...................................................................................................................... xxxviii Conventions ......................................................................................................................................... xxxviii Default Paths and File Names ............................................................................................................. xxxix Part I Introduction 1 Overview 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.3.1 1.3.3.2 1.3.3.3 1.3.3.4 1.3.3.5 1.3.4 1.3.5 1.3.6 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.6 1.7 1.7.1 Java EE 7 Platform Highlights................................................................................................... 1-2 Java EE Application Model ....................................................................................................... 1-2 Distributed Multitiered Applications ...................................................................................... 1-3 Security.................................................................................................................................. 1-4 Java EE Components ........................................................................................................... 1-4 Java EE Clients ..................................................................................................................... 1-5 Web Clients.................................................................................................................... 1-5 Application Clients....................................................................................................... 1-5 Applets ........................................................................................................................... 1-5 The JavaBeans Component Architecture .................................................................. 1-6 Java EE Server Communications................................................................................ 1-6 Web Components ................................................................................................................ 1-6 Business Components ......................................................................................................... 1-7 Enterprise Information System Tier.................................................................................. 1-8 Java EE Containers...................................................................................................................... 1-8 Container Services ............................................................................................................... 1-8 Container Types................................................................................................................... 1-9 Web Services Support.............................................................................................................. 1-10 XML .................................................................................................................................... 1-11 SOAP Transport Protocol ................................................................................................ 1-11 WSDL Standard Format................................................................................................... 1-11 Java EE Application Assembly and Deployment................................................................ 1-12 Development Roles.................................................................................................................. 1-12 Java EE Product Provider ................................................................................................ 1-12 iii
    1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.3.1 1.7.3.2 1.7.3.3 1.7.4 1.7.5 1.8 1.8.1 1.8.2 1.8.3 1.8.4 1.8.5 1.8.6 1.8.7 1.8.8 1.8.9 1.8.10 1.8.11 1.8.12 1.8.13 1.8.14 1.8.15 1.8.16 1.8.17 1.8.18 1.8.19 1.8.20 1.8.21 1.9 1.9.1 1.9.2 1.9.3 1.9.4 1.9.5 1.9.6 1.9.7 1.9.8 1.9.9 1.10 Tool Provider..................................................................................................................... 1-12 Application Component Provider.................................................................................. 1-13 Enterprise Bean Developer....................................................................................... 1-13 Web Component Developer .................................................................................... 1-13 Application Client Developer.................................................................................. 1-13 Application Assembler .................................................................................................... 1-13 Application Deployer and Administrator..................................................................... 1-13 Java EE 7 APIs .......................................................................................................................... 1-14 Enterprise JavaBeans Technology .................................................................................. 1-17 Java Servlet Technology................................................................................................... 1-17 JavaServer Faces Technology.......................................................................................... 1-18 JavaServer Pages Technology ......................................................................................... 1-18 JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library ........................................................................ 1-19 Java Persistence API ......................................................................................................... 1-19 Java Transaction API ........................................................................................................ 1-19 Java API for RESTful Web Services................................................................................ 1-19 Managed Beans ................................................................................................................. 1-19 Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE.......................................................... 1-20 Dependency Injection for Java........................................................................................ 1-20 Bean Validation................................................................................................................. 1-20 Java Message Service API................................................................................................ 1-20 Java EE Connector Architecture ..................................................................................... 1-20 JavaMail API...................................................................................................................... 1-21 Java Authorization Contract for Containers................................................................. 1-21 Java Authentication Service Provider Interface for Containers................................. 1-21 Java API for WebSocket ................................................................................................... 1-21 Java API for JSON Processing......................................................................................... 1-22 Concurrency Utilities for Java EE................................................................................... 1-22 Batch Applications for the Java Platform ...................................................................... 1-22 Java EE 7 APIs in the Java Platform, Standard Edition 7 ................................................... 1-22 Java Database Connectivity API..................................................................................... 1-22 Java Naming and Directory Interface API .................................................................... 1-23 JavaBeans Activation Framework .................................................................................. 1-23 Java API for XML Processing.......................................................................................... 1-23 Java Architecture for XML Binding ............................................................................... 1-23 Java API for XML Web Services ..................................................................................... 1-24 SOAP with Attachments API for Java ........................................................................... 1-24 Java Authentication and Authorization Service........................................................... 1-24 Common Annotations for the Java Platform ................................................................ 1-24 GlassFish Server Tools ............................................................................................................ 1-24 2 Using the Tutorial Examples 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 Required Software ...................................................................................................................... 2-1 Java EE 7 Software Development Kit................................................................................ 2-1 SDK Installation Tips ................................................................................................... 2-2 Java Platform, Standard Edition........................................................................................ 2-2 Java EE 7 Tutorial Component........................................................................................... 2-2 iv
    2.1.3.1 2.1.4 2.1.4.1 2.1.4.2 2.1.5 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.3 2.3.1 2.4 2.4.1 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7.1 2.7.1.1 2.7.1.2 2.8 2.8.1 2.8.2 2.9 2.9.1 2.9.1.1 2.9.2 2.9.2.1 To Obtain the Tutorial Component Using the Update Tool .................................. 2-2 NetBeans IDE ....................................................................................................................... 2-3 To Install NetBeans IDE without GlassFish Server ................................................. 2-3 To Add GlassFish Server as a Server in NetBeans IDE........................................... 2-3 Apache Maven ..................................................................................................................... 2-3 Starting and Stopping the GlassFish Server............................................................................ 2-4 To Start the GlassFish Server Using NetBeans IDE ........................................................ 2-4 To Stop the GlassFish Server Using NetBeans IDE ........................................................ 2-4 To Start the GlassFish Server from the Command Line................................................. 2-4 To Stop the GlassFish Server from the Command Line................................................. 2-4 Starting the Administration Console ....................................................................................... 2-5 To Start the Administration Console in NetBeans IDE.................................................. 2-5 Starting and Stopping the Java DB Server............................................................................... 2-5 To Start the Database Server Using NetBeans IDE......................................................... 2-5 Building the Examples ............................................................................................................... 2-6 Tutorial Example Directory Structure ..................................................................................... 2-6 Java EE 7 Maven Archetypes in the Tutorial .......................................................................... 2-6 Installing the Tutorial Archetypes .................................................................................... 2-6 Installing the Tutorial Archetypes from NetBeans IDE.......................................... 2-6 Installing the Tutorial Archetypes Using Maven .................................................... 2-7 Getting the Latest Updates to the Tutorial.............................................................................. 2-7 To Update the Tutorial Using the Command Line......................................................... 2-7 To Update the Tutorial Using NetBeans IDE .................................................................. 2-7 Debugging Java EE Applications ............................................................................................. 2-7 Using the Server Log ........................................................................................................... 2-7 To Use the Administration Console Log Viewer..................................................... 2-8 Using a Debugger ................................................................................................................ 2-8 To Debug an Application Using a Debugger ........................................................... 2-8 Part II Platform Basics 3 Resource Creation 3.1 3.2 3.3 Resources and JNDI Naming .................................................................................................... 3-1 DataSource Objects and Connection Pools ............................................................................. 3-2 Creating Resources Administratively...................................................................................... 3-2 4 Injection 4.1 4.2 4.3 Resource Injection ....................................................................................................................... 4-1 Dependency Injection................................................................................................................. 4-2 Main Differences Between Resource Injection and Dependency Injection ........................ 4-2 5 Packaging 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 Packaging Applications ............................................................................................................. 5-1 Packaging Enterprise Beans ...................................................................................................... 5-3 Packaging Enterprise Beans in EJB JAR Modules........................................................... 5-3 Packaging Enterprise Beans in WAR Modules ............................................................... 5-3 v
    5.3 5.4 Packaging Web Archives ........................................................................................................... 5-4 Packaging Resource Adapter Archives ................................................................................... 5-5 Part III The Web Tier 6 Getting Started with Web Applications 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.1.1 6.3.2 6.3.2.1 6.3.2.2 6.3.3 6.3.3.1 6.3.3.2 6.3.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.4.1 6.3.5 6.3.5.1 6.3.5.2 6.4 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.2.1 6.4.3 6.4.3.1 6.4.3.2 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.1.1 6.5.1.2 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.3.1 6.5.4 6.5.4.1 6.5.4.2 6.6 Web Applications........................................................................................................................ 6-1 Web Application Lifecycle......................................................................................................... 6-2 A Web Module That Uses JavaServer Faces Technology: The hello1 Example................. 6-3 To View the hello1 Web Module Using NetBeans IDE.................................................. 6-3 Introduction to Scopes ................................................................................................. 6-6 Packaging and Deploying the hello1 Web Module ........................................................ 6-6 To Build and Package the hello1 Web Module Using NetBeans IDE................... 6-7 To Build and Package the hello1 Web Module Using Maven ............................... 6-7 Viewing Deployed Web Modules ..................................................................................... 6-7 To View Deployed Web Modules Using the Administration Console ................ 6-7 To View Deployed Web Modules Using the asadmin Command........................ 6-7 To View Deployed Web Modules Using NetBeans IDE......................................... 6-8 Running the Deployed hello1 Web Module .................................................................... 6-8 Dynamic Reloading of Deployed Modules .............................................................. 6-8 Undeploying the hello1 Web Module .............................................................................. 6-8 To Undeploy the hello1 Web Module Using NetBeans IDE .................................. 6-8 To Undeploy the hello1 Web Module Using the asadmin Command ................. 6-8 A Web Module That Uses Java Servlet Technology: The hello2 Example ......................... 6-9 Mapping URLs to Web Components................................................................................ 6-9 Examining the hello2 Web Module................................................................................... 6-9 To View the hello2 Web Module Using NetBeans IDE .......................................... 6-9 Running the hello2 Example ........................................................................................... 6-11 To Run the hello2 Example Using NetBeans IDE................................................. 6-11 To Run the hello2 Example Using Maven ............................................................. 6-11 Configuring Web Applications.............................................................................................. 6-12 Setting Context Parameters ............................................................................................. 6-12 To Add a Context Parameter Using NetBeans IDE.............................................. 6-12 To Create a web.xml File Using NetBeans IDE..................................................... 6-12 Declaring Welcome Files ................................................................................................. 6-13 Mapping Errors to Error Screens.................................................................................... 6-13 To Set Up Error Mapping Using NetBeans IDE.................................................... 6-13 Declaring Resource References....................................................................................... 6-14 Declaring a Reference to a Resource....................................................................... 6-15 Declaring a Reference to a Web Service ................................................................. 6-15 Further Information about Web Applications..................................................................... 6-15 7 JavaServer Faces Technology 7.1 7.2 7.3 What Is a JavaServer Faces Application? ................................................................................ 7-2 JavaServer Faces Technology Benefits ..................................................................................... 7-3 A Simple JavaServer Faces Application................................................................................... 7-3 vi
    7.4 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.4.4 7.4.5 7.5 7.6 7.6.1 7.6.2 7.6.3 7.6.4 7.6.5 7.6.6 7.6.7 7.7 User Interface Component Model ............................................................................................ 7-5 User Interface Component Classes ................................................................................... 7-5 Component Rendering Model ........................................................................................... 7-7 Conversion Model ............................................................................................................... 7-8 Event and Listener Model .................................................................................................. 7-8 Validation Model ................................................................................................................. 7-9 Navigation Model .................................................................................................................... 7-10 The Lifecycle of a JavaServer Faces Application ................................................................. 7-13 Overview of the JavaServer Faces Lifecycle ................................................................. 7-13 Restore View Phase .......................................................................................................... 7-15 Apply Request Values Phase .......................................................................................... 7-16 Process Validations Phase ............................................................................................... 7-16 Update Model Values Phase ........................................................................................... 7-17 Invoke Application Phase................................................................................................ 7-17 Render Response Phase ................................................................................................... 7-17 Further Information about JavaServer Faces Technology ................................................. 7-18 8 Introduction to Facelets 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.1.1 8.3.1.2 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.3.1 8.3.3.2 8.3.3.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.8.1 8.8.1.1 8.8.1.2 8.8.1.3 8.8.1.4 8.8.1.5 8.9 8.9.1 8.9.2 8.9.3 8.9.3.1 What Is Facelets? ......................................................................................................................... 8-1 The Lifecycle of a Facelets Application.................................................................................... 8-3 Developing a Simple Facelets Application.............................................................................. 8-3 Creating a Facelets Application......................................................................................... 8-4 Developing a Managed Bean ...................................................................................... 8-4 Creating Facelets Views............................................................................................... 8-5 Configuring the Application.............................................................................................. 8-7 Running the guessnumber-jsf Facelets Example............................................................. 8-7 To Build, Package, and Deploy the guessnumber-jsf Example Using NetBeans IDE 8-8 To Build, Package, and Deploy the guessnumber-jsf Example Using Maven .... 8-8 To Run the guessnumber-jsf Example....................................................................... 8-8 Using Facelets Templates........................................................................................................... 8-8 Composite Components.......................................................................................................... 8-10 Web Resources ......................................................................................................................... 8-12 Relocatable Resources ............................................................................................................. 8-13 Resource Library Contracts .................................................................................................... 8-13 The hello1-rlc Example Application .............................................................................. 8-14 Configuring the hello1-rlc Example........................................................................ 8-15 The Facelets Pages for the hello1-rlc Example ...................................................... 8-15 To Build, Package, and Deploy the hello1-rlc Example Using NetBeans IDE . 8-16 To Build, Package, and Deploy the hello1-rlc Example Using Maven and the asadmin Command 8-16 To Run the hello1-rlc Example ................................................................................ 8-16 HTML5 Friendly Markup ....................................................................................................... 8-16 Using Pass-through Elements......................................................................................... 8-17 Using Pass-through Attributes ....................................................................................... 8-18 The reservation Example Application ........................................................................... 8-19 The Facelets Pages for the reservation Application.............................................. 8-19 vii
    8.9.3.2 8.9.3.3 8.9.3.4 8.9.3.5 The Managed Bean for the reservation Application ............................................ 8-20 To Build, Package, and Deploy the reservation Example Using NetBeans IDE ......... 8-21 To Build, Package, and Deploy the reservation Example Using Maven and the asadmin Command 8-21 To Run the reservation Example ............................................................................. 8-21 9 Expression Language 9.1 9.2 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.3 9.3.1 9.3.1.1 9.3.1.2 9.3.1.3 9.3.2 9.3.2.1 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Overview of the EL..................................................................................................................... 9-1 Immediate and Deferred Evaluation Syntax .......................................................................... 9-2 Immediate Evaluation......................................................................................................... 9-2 Deferred Evaluation ............................................................................................................ 9-3 Value and Method Expressions ................................................................................................ 9-3 Value Expressions................................................................................................................ 9-3 Referencing Objects Using Value Expressions......................................................... 9-4 Referring to Object Properties Using Value Expressions ....................................... 9-4 Where Value Expressions Can Be Used .................................................................... 9-6 Method Expressions ............................................................................................................ 9-7 Parameterized Method Calls ...................................................................................... 9-8 Literal Expressions...................................................................................................................... 9-8 Operators...................................................................................................................................... 9-9 Reserved Words ....................................................................................................................... 9-10 Examples of EL Expressions................................................................................................... 9-10 10 Using JavaServer Faces Technology in Web Pages 10.1 10.2 10.2.1 10.2.1.1 10.2.1.2 10.2.1.3 10.2.1.4 10.2.1.5 10.2.2 10.2.3 10.2.4 10.2.4.1 10.2.4.2 10.2.4.3 10.2.4.4 10.2.4.5 10.2.5 10.2.5.1 10.2.5.2 10.2.6 10.2.7 10.2.8 Setting Up a Page ..................................................................................................................... 10-1 Adding Components to a Page Using HTML Tag Library Tags ...................................... 10-2 Common Component Tag Attributes ............................................................................ 10-4 The id Attribute ......................................................................................................... 10-5 The immediate Attribute .......................................................................................... 10-5 The rendered Attribute............................................................................................. 10-6 The style and styleClass Attributes......................................................................... 10-6 The value and binding Attributes ........................................................................... 10-6 Adding HTML Head and Body Tags ............................................................................ 10-7 Adding a Form Component ............................................................................................ 10-7 Using Text Components .................................................................................................. 10-8 Rendering a Field with the h:inputText Tag........................................................ 10-10 Rendering a Password Field with the h:inputSecret Tag .................................. 10-10 Rendering a Label with the h:outputLabel Tag .................................................. 10-10 Rendering a Link with the h:outputLink Tag ..................................................... 10-11 Displaying a Formatted Message with the h:outputFormat Tag ..................... 10-11 Using Command Component Tags for Performing Actions and Navigation....... 10-12 Rendering a Button with the h:commandButton Tag ........................................ 10-12 Rendering a Link with the h:commandLink Tag................................................ 10-13 Adding Graphics and Images with the h:graphicImage Tag................................... 10-13 Laying Out Components with the h:panelGrid and h:panelGroup Tags .............. 10-14 Displaying Components for Selecting One Value ..................................................... 10-15 viii
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