2.0 2.0 
 
INCOSE CSEP (2017)
MATRIZ   (2005)ISO/TC184/SC4SAC/TC159/SC4  SAC/TC28/SC7  
 
CAEFluent
CFXFlownexTwinmeshRocky  
     
TOGAF 
2015 ASQ  AEA 
 
 
 
 
     
 4.0 
 4.0
i 
 
 
 
 
 4.0
 
 
 
 
     
   
   
2019  12  20  
1 
 
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  VRAR  MR ....................................................................................... 21 
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   MBSE ................................................................................. 24 
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i 
 
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ii 
 
 
 
 1 PLM  Michael Grieves
 2002  10 
Digital Twin
 2009 Airframe Digital Twin
2010 NASA 
Digital Twin
2011  Michael  Grieves Virtually  Perfect:  Driving 
Innovative  and  Lean  Products  through  Product  Lifecycle  Management
NASA  John Vickers
 NASA Digital 
Twin 12013 
 
  1  PLM  
 
 
 
   1 
 
 
  2   
   2 
 
 
 2
 
(1) 1960- CAD/CAE 
 
(2) 2002-2010
MBSE 
(3) 2010-2020 NASA GE 
 20 
 IT 
 2018 ISOIECIEEE 
ISO  
(4)  2020-2030 2
PLM 
 
Gartner 2017 
 Gartner 2018 2019
 2017  2019 
 Gartner 
 
2019  2  Gartner  13%
 62%
 2022  2/3 
 
   3