第1页 / 共233页
第2页 / 共233页
第3页 / 共233页
第4页 / 共233页
第5页 / 共233页
第6页 / 共233页
第7页 / 共233页
第8页 / 共233页
swmm水力计算公式.pdf
Disclaimer
Abstract
Acknowledgments
List of Figures
List of Tables
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Chapter 1 - Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 SWMM’s Object Model
1.3 SWMM’s Process Models
1.4 Simulation Process Overview
1.5 Interpolation and Units
Chapter 2 – Meteorology
2.1 Precipitation
2.1.1 Representation
2.1.2 Single Event v. Continuous Simulation
2.1.3 Temporal Rainfall Variations
2.1.4 Spatial Rainfall Variations
2.2 Precipitation Data Sources
2.2.1 User-Supplied Data
2.2.2 Data from Government Agencies
2.2.3 Rainfall Interface File
2.3 Temperature Data
2.4 Continuous Temperature Records
2.5 Evaporation Data
2.6 Wind Speed Data
Chapter 3 – Surface Runoff
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Governing Equations
3.3 Subcatchment Partitioning
3.4 Computational Scheme
3.5 Time Step Considerations
3.6 Overland Flow Re-Routing
3.7 Subcatchment Discretization
3.8 Parameter Estimates
3.8.1 Subcatchment Conceptualization
3.8.2 Subcatchment Area
3.8.3 Imperviousness
3.8.4 Subcatchment Width
3.8.5 Slope
3.8.6 Manning’s Roughness Coefficient, n
3.8.7 Depression Storage
3.8.8 Parameter Sensitivity
3.9 Numerical Example
3.10 Approximating Other Runoff Methods
3.10.1 Runoff Coefficient Method
3.10.2 SCS Curve Number Method
3.10.3 Unit Hydrograph Method
3.10.4 Using Externally-Generated Runoff Data
Chapter 4 – Infiltration
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Horton’s Method
4.2.1 Governing Equations
4.2.2 Recovery of Infiltration Capacity
4.2.3 Computational Scheme
4.2.4 Parameter Estimates
4.3 Modified Horton Method
4.3.1 Governing Equations
4.3.2 Recovery of Infiltration Capacity
4.3.3 Computational Scheme
4.3.4 Parameter Estimates
4.4 Green-Ampt Method
4.4.1 Governing Equations
4.4.2 Recovery of Infiltration Capacity
4.4.3 Computational Scheme
4.4.4 Parameter Estimates
4.5 Curve Number Method
4.5.1 Governing Equations
4.5.2 Recovery of Storage Capacity
4.5.3 Computational Scheme
4.5.4 Parameter Estimates
4.6 Numerical Example
Chapter 5 – Groundwater
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Governing Equations
5.3 Groundwater Flux Terms
5.3.1 Surface Infiltration (fI)
5.3.2 Upper Zone Evapotranspiration (fEU)
5.3.3 Lower Zone Evapotranspiration (fEL)
5.3.4 Percolation (fU)
5.3.4 Deep Percolation (fL)
5.3.5 Groundwater Discharge (fG)
5.3.6 User-Defined Flux Equations
5.4 Computational Scheme
5.5 Parameter Estimates
5.5.1 Soil Moisture Limits
5.5.2 Percolation Parameters
5.5.3 ET Parameters
5.5.4 Groundwater Discharge Constants
5.6 Numerical Example
Chapter 6 – Snowmelt
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Preliminaries
6.2.1 Snow Depth
6.2.2 Meteorological Inputs
6.2.3 Subcatchment Partitioning
6.2.4 Redistribution and Snow Removal
6.2.5 Effect on Infiltration
6.3 Governing Equations
6.3.1 Overview
6.3.2 Melt Equations
6.3.3 Snow Pack Heat Exchange
6.4 Areal Depletion
6.5 Net Runoff
6.6 Computational Scheme
6.7 Parameter Estimates
6.8 Numerical Example
Chapter 7 – Rainfall Dependent Inflow and Infiltration
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Governing Equations
7.3 Computational Scheme
7.4 Parameter Estimates
7.5 Numerical Example
References
Glossary
SWMM 5 Reference Manual I (8-3-15) cover.pdf
Abstract
Acknowledgments
List of Figures
List of Tables
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Chapter 1 - Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 SWMM’s Object Model
1.3 SWMM’s Process Models
1.4 Simulation Process Overview
1.5 Interpolation and Units
Chapter 2 – Meteorology
2.1 Precipitation
2.1.1 Representation
2.1.2 Single Event v. Continuous Simulation
2.1.3 Temporal Rainfall Variations
2.1.4 Spatial Rainfall Variations
2.2 Precipitation Data Sources
2.2.1 User-Supplied Data
2.2.2 Data from Government Agencies
2.2.3 Rainfall Interface File
2.3 Temperature Data
2.4 Continuous Temperature Records
2.5 Evaporation Data
2.6 Wind Speed Data
Chapter 3 – Surface Runoff
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Governing Equations
3.3 Subcatchment Partitioning
3.4 Computational Scheme
3.5 Time Step Considerations
3.6 Overland Flow Re-Routing
3.7 Subcatchment Discretization
3.8 Parameter Estimates
3.8.1 Subcatchment Conceptualization
3.8.2 Subcatchment Area
3.8.3 Imperviousness
3.8.4 Subcatchment Width
3.8.5 Slope
3.8.6 Manning’s Roughness Coefficient, n
3.8.7 Depression Storage
3.8.8 Parameter Sensitivity
3.9 Numerical Example
3.10 Approximating Other Runoff Methods
3.10.1 Runoff Coefficient Method
3.10.2 SCS Curve Number Method
3.10.3 Unit Hydrograph Method
3.10.4 Using Externally-Generated Runoff Data
Chapter 4 – Infiltration
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Horton’s Method
4.2.1 Governing Equations
4.2.2 Recovery of Infiltration Capacity
4.2.3 Computational Scheme
4.2.4 Parameter Estimates
4.3 Modified Horton Method
4.3.1 Governing Equations
4.3.2 Recovery of Infiltration Capacity
4.3.3 Computational Scheme
4.3.4 Parameter Estimates
4.4 Green-Ampt Method
4.4.1 Governing Equations
4.4.2 Recovery of Infiltration Capacity
4.4.3 Computational Scheme
4.4.4 Parameter Estimates
4.5 Curve Number Method
4.5.1 Governing Equations
4.5.2 Recovery of Storage Capacity
4.5.3 Computational Scheme
4.5.4 Parameter Estimates
4.6 Numerical Example
Chapter 5 – Groundwater
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Governing Equations
5.3 Groundwater Flux Terms
5.3.1 Surface Infiltration (fI)
5.3.2 Upper Zone Evapotranspiration (fEU)
5.3.3 Lower Zone Evapotranspiration (fEL)
5.3.4 Percolation (fU)
5.3.4 Deep Percolation (fL)
5.3.5 Groundwater Discharge (fG)
5.3.6 User-Defined Flux Equations
5.4 Computational Scheme
5.5 Parameter Estimates
5.5.1 Soil Moisture Limits
5.5.2 Percolation Parameters
5.5.3 ET Parameters
5.5.4 Groundwater Discharge Constants
5.6 Numerical Example
Chapter 6 – Snowmelt
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Preliminaries
6.2.1 Snow Depth
6.2.2 Meteorological Inputs
6.2.3 Subcatchment Partitioning
6.2.4 Redistribution and Snow Removal
6.2.5 Effect on Infiltration
6.3 Governing Equations
6.3.1 Overview
6.3.2 Melt Equations
6.3.3 Snow Pack Heat Exchange
6.4 Areal Depletion
6.5 Net Runoff
6.6 Computational Scheme
6.7 Parameter Estimates
6.8 Numerical Example
Chapter 7 – Rainfall Dependent Inflow and Infiltration
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Governing Equations
7.3 Computational Scheme
7.4 Parameter Estimates
7.5 Numerical Example
References
Glossary
Pg 177.pdf
6.3.3 Snow Pack Heat Exchange
EPA/600/R-15/162A | January 2016 | www2.epa.gov/water-research
United States
Enviromental Protection
Agency
Storm Water Management Model
Reference Manual
Volume I – Hydrology (Revised)
Office of Research and Development
Water Supply and Water Resources Division
EPA/600/R-15/162A
Revised January 2016
Storm Water Management Model
Reference Manual
Volume I – Hydrology (Revised)
By:
Lewis A. Rossman
National Risk Management Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268
and
Wayne C. Huber
School of Civil and Construction Engineering
Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR 97331
National Risk Management Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
January 2016
Disclaimer
The information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). It has been subjected to the Agency’s peer and administrative review,
and has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or
commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
Although a reasonable effort has been made to assure that the results obtained are correct, the
computer programs described in this manual are experimental. Therefore the author and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency are not responsible and assume no liability whatsoever for any
results or any use made of the results obtained from these programs, nor for any damages or
litigation that result from the use of these programs for any purpose.
ii
Abstract
SWMM is a dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation model used for single event or long-term
(continuous) simulation of runoff quantity and quality from primarily urban areas. The runoff
component of SWMM operates on a collection of subcatchment areas that receive precipitation
and generate runoff and pollutant loads. The routing portion of SWMM transports this runoff
through a system of pipes, channels, storage/treatment devices, pumps, and regulators. SWMM
tracks the quantity and quality of runoff generated within each subcatchment, and the flow rate,
flow depth, and quality of water in each pipe and channel during a simulation period comprised of
multiple time steps. The reference manual for this edition of SWMM is comprised of three
volumes. Volume I describes SWMM’s hydrologic models, Volume II its hydraulic models, and
Volume III its water quality and low impact development models.
iii
Acknowledgments
This report was written by Lewis A. Rossman, Environmental Scientist Emeritus, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH and Wayne C. Huber, Professor Emeritus,
School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions made by the following individuals to
previous versions of SWMM that we drew heavily upon in writing this report: John Aldrich,
Douglas Ammon, Carl W. Chen, Brett Cunningham, Robert Dickinson, James Heaney, Wayne
Huber, Miguel Medina, Russell Mein, Charles Moore, Stephan Nix, Alan Peltz, Don Polmann,
Larry Roesner, Lewis Rossman, Charles Rowney, and Robert Shubinsky. Finally, we wish to thank
Lewis Rossman, Wayne Huber, Thomas Barnwell (US EPA retired), Richard Field (US EPA
retired), Harry Torno (US EPA retired) and William James (University of Guelph) for their
continuing efforts to support and maintain the program over the past several decades.
Portions of this document were prepared under Purchase Order 2C-R095-NAEX to Oregon State
University.
iv
Table of Contents
DISCLAIMER .......................................................................................................................... II
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ III
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................... IV
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. VIII
LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... X
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................... XII
CHAPTER 1 - OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................... 14
Introduction .................................................................................................................... 14
SWMM’s Object Model ................................................................................................. 15
SWMM’s Process Models .............................................................................................. 20
Simulation Process Overview ........................................................................................ 22
Interpolation and Units ................................................................................................... 26
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
CHAPTER 2 – METEOROLOGY ............................................................................................... 29
Precipitation ................................................................................................................... 29
2.1
2.2
Precipitation Data Sources ............................................................................................. 32
2.3 Temperature Data ........................................................................................................... 39
2.4 Continuous Temperature Records .................................................................................. 44
2.5 Evaporation Data ............................................................................................................ 48
2.6 Wind Speed Data ............................................................................................................ 50
CHAPTER 3 – SURFACE RUNOFF ........................................................................................... 51
3.1
Introduction .................................................................................................................... 51
3.2 Governing Equations ...................................................................................................... 51
3.3
Subcatchment Partitioning ............................................................................................. 54
3.4 Computational Scheme .................................................................................................. 56
3.5 Time Step Considerations .............................................................................................. 58
3.6 Overland Flow Re-Routing ............................................................................................ 59
v
Subcatchment Discretization .......................................................................................... 61
3.7
3.8
Parameter Estimates ....................................................................................................... 64
3.9 Numerical Example ........................................................................................................ 79
3.10
Approximating Other Runoff Methods ...................................................................... 80
CHAPTER 4 – INFILTRATION ................................................................................................. 86
4.1
Introduction .................................................................................................................... 86
4.2 Horton’s Method ............................................................................................................ 88
4.3 Modified Horton Method ............................................................................................. 100
4.4 Green-Ampt Method .................................................................................................... 104
4.5 Curve Number Method................................................................................................. 117
4.6 Numerical Example ...................................................................................................... 125
CHAPTER 5 – GROUNDWATER ........................................................................................... 128
5.1
Introduction .................................................................................................................. 128
5.2 Governing Equations .................................................................................................... 129
5.3 Groundwater Flux Terms ............................................................................................. 133
5.4 Computational Scheme ................................................................................................ 140
5.5
Parameter Estimates ..................................................................................................... 143
5.6 Numerical Example ...................................................................................................... 160
CHAPTER 6 – SNOWMELT .................................................................................................. 163
Introduction .................................................................................................................. 163
6.1
6.2
Preliminaries................................................................................................................. 164
6.3 Governing Equations .................................................................................................... 169
6.4 Areal Depletion ............................................................................................................ 177
6.5 Net Runoff .................................................................................................................... 182
6.6 Computational Scheme ................................................................................................ 183
6.7
Parameter Estimates ..................................................................................................... 188
6.8 Numerical Example ...................................................................................................... 190
CHAPTER 7 – RAINFALL DEPENDENT INFLOW AND INFILTRATION ....................................... 196
Introduction .................................................................................................................. 196
7.1
7.2 Governing Equations .................................................................................................... 196
7.3 Computational Scheme ................................................................................................ 202
7.4
Parameter Estimates ..................................................................................................... 204
7.5 Numerical Example ...................................................................................................... 207
vi
相关推荐
2023年江西萍乡中考道德与法治真题及答案.doc
2012年重庆南川中考生物真题及答案.doc
2013年江西师范大学地理学综合及文艺理论基础考研真题.doc
2020年四川甘孜小升初语文真题及答案I卷.doc
2020年注册岩土工程师专业基础考试真题及答案.doc
2023-2024学年福建省厦门市九年级上学期数学月考试题及答案.doc
2021-2022学年辽宁省沈阳市大东区九年级上学期语文期末试题及答案.doc
2022-2023学年北京东城区初三第一学期物理期末试卷及答案.doc
2018上半年江西教师资格初中地理学科知识与教学能力真题及答案.doc
2012年河北国家公务员申论考试真题及答案-省级.doc
2020-2021学年江苏省扬州市江都区邵樊片九年级上学期数学第一次质量检测试题及答案.doc
2022下半年黑龙江教师资格证中学综合素质真题及答案.doc
