concepts, techniques, and models of computer programming-full.pdf

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Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

Running the Example Programs

1 Introduction to Programming Concepts

1.1 A calculator

1.2 Variables

1.3 Functions

1.4 Lists

1.5 Functions over lists

1.6 Correctness

1.7 Complexity

1.8 Lazy evaluation

1.9 Higher-order programming

1.10 Concurrency

1.11 Data.ow

1.12 Explicit state

1.13 Objects

1.14 Classes

1.15 Nondeterminismand time

1.16 Atomicity

1.17 Where do we go from here?

1.18 Exercises

I GENERAL COMPUTATION MODELS

2 Declarative Computation Model

2.1 De.ning practical programming languages

2.2 The single-assignment store

2.3 Kernel language

2.4 Kernel language semantics

2.5 Memorymanagement

2.6 From kernel language to practical language

2.7 Exceptions

2.8 Advanced topics

2.9 Exercises

3 Declarative Programming Techniques

3.1 What is declarativeness?

3.2 Iterative computation

3.3 Recursive computation

3.4 Programmingwith recursion

3.5 Time and space e.ciency

3.6 Higher-order programming

3.7 Abstract data types

3.8 Nondeclarative needs

3.9 Program design in the small

3.10 Exercises

4 Declarative Concurrency

4.1 The data-driven concurrentmodel

4.2 Basic thread programming techniques

4.3 Streams

4.4 Using the declarative concurrent model directly

4.5 Lazy execution

4.6 Soft real-time programming

4.7 The Haskell language

4.8 Limitations and extensions of declarative programming

4.9 Advanced topics

4.10 Historical notes

4.11 Exercises

5 Message-Passing Concurrency

5.1 The message-passing concurrent model

5.2 Port objects

5.3 Simple message protocols

5.4 Program design for concurrency

5.5 Lift control system

5.6 Using the message-passing model directly

5.7 The Erlang language

5.8 Advanced topic

5.9 Exercises

6 Explicit State

6.1 What is state?

6.2 State and systembuilding

6.3 The declarative model with explicit state

6.4 Data abstraction

6.5 Stateful collections

6.6 Reasoning with state

6.7 Program design in the large

6.8 Case studies

6.9 Advanced topics

6.10 Exercises

7 Object-Oriented Programming

7.1 Inheritance

7.2 Classes as complete data abstractions

7.3 Classes as incremental data abstractions

7.4 Programming with inheritance

7.5 Relation to other computation models

7.6 Implementing the object system

7.7 The Java language (sequential part)

7.8 Active objects

7.9 Exercises

8 Shared-State Concurrency

8.1 The shared-state concurrentmodel

8.2 Programming with concurrency

8.3 Locks

8.4 Monitors

8.5 Transactions

8.6 The Java language (concurrent part)

8.7 Exercises

9 Relational Programming

9.1 The relational computation model

9.2 Further examples

9.3 Relation to logic programming

9.4 Natural language parsing

9.5 A grammar interpreter

9.6 Databases

9.7 The Prolog language

9.8 Exercises

II SPECIALIZED COMPUTATION MODELS

10 Graphical User Interface Programming

10.1 The declarative/procedural approach

10.2 Using the declarative/procedural approach

10.3 The Prototyper interactive learning tool

10.4 Case studies

10.5 Implementing the GUI tool

10.6 Exercises

11 Distributed Programming

11.1 Taxonomy of distributed systems

11.2 The distribution model

11.3 Distribution of declarative data

11.4 Distribution of state

11.5 Network awareness

11.6 Common distributed programming patterns

11.7 Distribution protocols

11.8 Partial failure

11.9 Security

11.10 Building applications

11.11 Exercises

12 Constraint Programming

12.1 Propagate-and-search

12.2 Programming techniques

12.3 The constraint-based computation model

12.4 De.ning and using computation spaces

12.5 Implementing the relational computation model

12.6 Exercises

III SEMANTICS

13 Language Semantics

13.1 The general computation model

13.2 Declarative concurrency

13.3 Eight computation models

13.4 Semantics of common abstractions

13.5 Historical notes

13.6 Exercises

IV APPENDIXES

A Mozart System Development Environment

A.1 Interactive interface

A.2 Command line interface

B Basic Data Types

B.1 Numbers (integers, oats, and characters)

B.2 Literals (atoms and names)

B.3 Records and tuples

B.4 Chunks (limited records)

B.5 Lists

B.6 Strings

B.7 Virtual strings

C Language Syntax

C.1 Interactive statements

C.2 Statements and expressions

C.3 Nonterminals for statements and expressions

C.4 Operators

C.5 Keywords

C.6 Lexical syntax

D General Computation Model

D.1 Creative extension principle

D.2 Kernel language

D.3 Concepts

D.4 Di.erent forms of state

D.5 Other concepts

D.6 Layered language design

References

Index

Team DDU

Concepts,Techniques,andModelsofComputerProgramming

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Concepts,Techniques,andModelsofComputerProgrammingbyPeterVanRoySeifHaridiTheMITPressCambridge,MassachusettsLondon,England

c2004MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyanyelectronicormechanicalmeans(includingphotocopying,recording,orinformationstorageandretrieval)withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.ThisbookwassetinLATEX2εbytheauthorsandwasprintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataVanRoy,Peter.Concepts,techniques,andmodelsofcomputerprogramming/PeterVanRoy,SeifHaridip.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-262-22069-51.Computerprogramming.I.Haridi,Seif.II.Title.QA76.6.V362004005.1—dc222003065140

ShortContentsPrefacexiiiRunningtheExampleProgramsxxix1IntroductiontoProgrammingConcepts1IGENERALCOMPUTATIONMODELS272DeclarativeComputationModel293DeclarativeProgrammingTechniques1114DeclarativeConcurrency2335Message-PassingConcurrency3456ExplicitState4057Object-OrientedProgramming4898Shared-StateConcurrency5699RelationalProgramming621IISPECIALIZEDCOMPUTATIONMODELS67710GraphicalUserInterfaceProgramming67911DistributedProgramming70712ConstraintProgramming749IIISEMANTICS77713LanguageSemantics779

viShortContentsIVAPPENDIXES813AMozartSystemDevelopmentEnvironment815BBasicDataTypes819CLanguageSyntax833DGeneralComputationModel843References853Index863

TableofContentsPrefacexiiiRunningtheExampleProgramsxxix1IntroductiontoProgrammingConcepts11.1Acalculator...............................11.2Variables.................................21.3Functions.................................21.4Lists...................................41.5Functionsoverlists...........................71.6Correctness...............................91.7Complexity................................101.8Lazyevaluation.............................111.9Higher-orderprogramming.......................131.10Concurrency...............................141.11Dataﬂow.................................151.12Explicitstate..............................161.13Objects..................................171.14Classes..................................181.15Nondeterminismandtime.......................201.16Atomicity................................211.17Wheredowegofromhere?......................221.18Exercises.................................23IGENERALCOMPUTATIONMODELS272DeclarativeComputationModel292.1Deﬁningpracticalprogramminglanguages..............302.2Thesingle-assignmentstore......................422.3Kernellanguage.............................492.4Kernellanguagesemantics.......................562.5Memorymanagement..........................722.6Fromkernellanguagetopracticallanguage..............792.7Exceptions................................90

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