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matlab(17)计算机视觉工具箱user-guide.pdf

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    toc
    Input, Output, and Conversions
    File Opening, Loading and Saving
    Import from Video Files
    Setting Block Parameters for this Example
    Configuration Parameters
    Export to Video Files
    Setting Block Parameters for this Example
    Configuration Parameters
    Batch Process Image Files
    Configuration Parameters
    Display a Sequence of Images
    Pre-loading Code
    Configuration Parameters
    Partition Video Frames to Multiple Image Files
    Setting Block Parameters for this Example
    Using the Enabled Subsystem Block
    Configuration Parameters
    Combine Video and Audio Streams into a Single Video File
    Setting Up the Video Input Block
    Setting Up the Audio Input Block
    Setting Up the Output Block
    Configuration Parameters
    Import MATLAB Workspace Variables
    Send or Receive Audio and Video Content Over a Network
    Import a Live Video Stream
    Colorspace Formatting and Conversions
    Resample Image Chroma
    Setting Block Parameters for This Example
    Configuration Parameters
    Convert Intensity to Binary Images
    Thresholding Intensity Images Using Relational Operators
    Thresholding Intensity Images Using the Autothreshold Block
    Convert R'G'B' to Intensity Images
    Process Multidimensional Color Video Signals
    Data Formats
    Video Formats
    Defining Intensity and Color
    Video Data Stored in Column-Major Format
    Image Formats
    Binary Images
    Intensity Images
    RGB Images
    Display and Graphics
    Display
    View Streaming Video in MATLAB using Video Player and Deployable
    Video Player System Object
    Deployable Video Player System Object
    Preview Video in MATLAB using MPlay Function
    View Video in Simulink using the Video Viewer and To Video Displ
    Video Viewer Block
    To Video Display Block
    View Video in Simulink using MPlay Function as a Floating Scope
    MPlay
    Toolbar Buttons
    Playback Toolbar — Workspace and File Sources
    Playback Toolbar — Simulink Sources
    Configuration
    Configuration Core Pane
    Using the Keyboard commands respect playback modes
    Configuration Sources Pane
    Configuration Visuals Pane
    Configuration Tools Pane
    Video Information
    Color Map for Intensity Video
    Frame Rate
    Saving the Settings of Multiple MPlay GUIs
    Message Log
    Status Bar
    Graphics
    Abandoned Object Detection
    Initialize Required Variables and System Objects
    Video Processing Loop
    Annotate Video Files with Frame Numbers
    Color Formatting
    Inserting Text
    Configuration Parameters
    Registration and Stereo Vision
    Feature Detection, Extraction, and Matching
    Detect Edges in Images
    Open the Simulink model
    Setting block parameters
    Setting configuration parameters
    View edge detection results
    Running the model faster
    Close the model
    Detect Lines in Images
    Setting Block Parameters
    Configuration Parameters
    Detect Corner Features in an Image
    Find Possible Point Matches Between Two Images
    Measure an Angle Between Lines
    Image Registration
    Automatically Determine Geometric Transform for Image Registrati
    Transform Images and Display Registration Results
    Remove the Effect of Camera Motion from a Video Stream.
    Stereo Vision
    Compute Disparity Depth Map
    Find Fundamental Matrix Describing Epipolar Geometry
    Rectify Stereo Images
    Motion Estimation and Tracking
    Detect and Track Moving Objects Using Gaussian Mixture Models
    Video Mosaicking
    Track an Object Using Correlation
    Create a Panoramic Scene
    Geometric Transformations
    Rotate an Image
    Resize an Image
    Crop an Image
    Interpolation Methods
    Nearest Neighbor Interpolation
    Bilinear Interpolation
    Bicubic Interpolation
    Automatically Determine Geometric Transform for Image Registrati
    Filters, Transforms, and Enhancements
    Adjust the Contrast of Intensity Images
    Adjust the Contrast of Color Images
    Remove Periodic Noise from a Video
    Remove Salt and Pepper Noise from Images
    Sharpen an Image
    Statistics and Morphological Operations
    Find the Histogram of an Image
    Correct Nonuniform Illumination
    Count Objects in an Image
    Fixed-Point Design
    Fixed-Point Signal Processing
    Fixed-Point Features
    Benefits of Fixed-Point Hardware
    Benefits of Fixed-Point Design with System Toolboxes Software
    Fixed-Point Concepts and Terminology
    Fixed-Point Data Types
    Scaling
    Precision and Range
    Range
    Precision
    Arithmetic Operations
    Modulo Arithmetic
    Two's Complement
    Addition and Subtraction
    Multiplication
    Multiplication Data Types
    Casts
    Casts to the Accumulator Data Type
    Casts to the Intermediate Product or Product Output Data Type
    Casts to the Output Data Type
    Casting Examples
    Cast from a Shorter Data Type to a Longer Data Type. Consider t
    Cast from a Longer Data Type to a Shorter Data Type. Consider t
    Fixed-Point Support for MATLAB System Objects
    Getting Information About Fixed-Point System Objects
    Fixed-Point Data Processing Support
    Displaying Fixed-Point Properties
    Setting System Object Fixed-Point Properties
    Specify Fixed-Point Attributes for Blocks
    Fixed-Point Block Parameters
    Using the Data Type Assistant
    Checking Signal Ranges
    Specify System-Level Settings
    Logging
    Autoscaling
    Data type override
    Inherit via Internal Rule
    Internal Rule for Accumulator Data Types
    Internal Rule for Product Data Types
    Internal Rule for Output Data Types
    The Effect of the Hardware Implementation Pane on the Internal R
    Internal Rule Examples
    Select and Specify Data Types for Fixed-Point Blocks
    Prepare the Model
    Use Data Type Override to Find a Floating-Point Benchmark
    Use the Fixed-Point Tool to Propose Fraction Lengths
    Examine the Results and Accept the Proposed Scaling
    Code Generation
    Code Generation with System Objects
    Functions that Generate Code
    Shared Library Dependencies
    Accelerating Simulink Models
    Define New System Objects
    Define Basic System Objects
    Create the Class Definition File
    Complete Class Definition File for Basic System Object
    Change Number of Step Method Inputs or Outputs
    Update the Algorithm for Multiple Inputs and Outputs
    Update the Associated Methods
    Complete Class Definition File with Multiple Inputs and Outputs
    Validate Property and Input Values
    Validate Properties
    Validate Inputs
    Complete Class Definition File with Property and Input Validatio
    Initialize Properties and Setup One-Time Calculations
    Define Properties to Initialize
    Define Setup
    Complete Class Definition File with Initialization and Setup
    Set Property Values at Construction from Name-Value Pairs
    Set Properties to Use Name-Value Pair Input
    Complete Class Definition File with Constructor Setup
    Reset Algorithm State
    Reset Counter to Zero
    Complete Class Definition File with State Reset
    Define Property Attributes
    Specify Property as Nontunable
    Specify Property as Logical
    Specify Property as Positive Integer
    Specify Property as DiscreteState
    Complete Class Definition File with Property Attributes
    Hide Inactive Properties
    Hide an inactive property
    Complete Class Definition File with Hidden Inactive Property
    Limit Property Values to a Finite Set of Strings
    Specify a Set of Valid String Values
    Complete Class Definition File with String Set
    String Set System Object Example
    Process Tuned Properties
    Control When a Lookup Table Is Generated
    Complete Class Definition File with Tuned Property Processing
    Release System Object Resources
    Release Memory by Clearing the Object
    Complete Class Definition File with Released Resources
    Define Composite System Objects
    Store System Objects in Properties
    Complete Class Definition File of Composite System Object
    Class Definition File for FIR Component of Filter
    Class Definition File for IIR Component of Filter
    Define Finite Source Objects
    Use the FiniteSource Class and Specify End of the Source
    Complete Class Definition File with Finite Source
    Methods Timing
    Setup Method Call Sequence
    Step Method Call Sequence
    Reset Method Call Sequence
    Release Method Call Sequence
    Index
    tables
    Supported Computer Vision System Toolbox System Objects
    Computer Vision System Toolbox™ User’s Guide R2012a
    How to Contact MathWorks Web Newsgroup www.mathworks.com comp.soft-sys.matlab www.mathworks.com/contact_TS.html Technical Support suggest@mathworks.com bugs@mathworks.com doc@mathworks.com service@mathworks.com info@mathworks.com 508-647-7000 (Phone) Product enhancement suggestions Bug reports Documentation error reports Order status, license renewals, passcodes Sales, pricing, and general information 508-647-7001 (Fax) The MathWorks, Inc. 3 Apple Hill Drive Natick, MA 01760-2098 For contact information about worldwide offices, see the MathWorks Web site. Computer Vision System Toolbox™ User’s Guide © COPYRIGHT 2000–2012 by The MathWorks, Inc. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement. The software may be used or copied only under the terms of the license agreement. No part of this manual may be photocopied or reproduced in any form without prior written consent from The MathWorks, Inc. FEDERAL ACQUISITION: This provision applies to all acquisitions of the Program and Documentation by, for, or through the federal government of the United States. By accepting delivery of the Program or Documentation, the government hereby agrees that this software or documentation qualifies as commercial computer software or commercial computer software documentation as such terms are used or defined in FAR 12.212, DFARS Part 227.72, and DFARS 252.227-7014. Accordingly, the terms and conditions of this Agreement and only those rights specified in this Agreement, shall pertain to and govern the use, modification, reproduction, release, performance, display, and disclosure of the Program and Documentation by the federal government (or other entity acquiring for or through the federal government) and shall supersede any conflicting contractual terms or conditions. If this License fails to meet the government’s needs or is inconsistent in any respect with federal procurement law, the government agrees to return the Program and Documentation, unused, to The MathWorks, Inc. Trademarks MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc. See www.mathworks.com/trademarks for a list of additional trademarks. Other product or brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Patents MathWorks products are protected by one or more U.S. patents. Please see www.mathworks.com/patents for more information.
    Revision History First printing July 2004 October 2004 Second printing March 2005 Online only September 2005 Online only November 2005 Online only March 2006 Online only September 2006 Online only Online only March 2007 September 2007 Online only March 2008 Online only October 2008 Online only March 2009 Online only September 2009 Online only Online only March 2010 September 2010 Online only April 2011 Online only September 2011 Online only Online only March 2012 New for Version 1.0 (Release 14) Revised for Version 1.0.1 (Release 14SP1) Revised for Version 1.1 (Release 14SP2) Revised for Version 1.2 (Release 14SP3) Revised for Version 2.0 (Release 14SP3+) Revised for Version 2.1 (Release 2006a) Revised for Version 2.2 (Release 2006b) Revised for Version 2.3 (Release 2007a) Revised for Version 2.4 (Release 2007b) Revised for Version 2.5 (Release 2008a) Revised for Version 2.6 (Release 2008b) Revised for Version 2.7 (Release 2009a) Revised for Version 2.8 (Release 2009b) Revised for Version 3.0 (Release 2010a) Revised for Version 3.1 (Release 2010b) Revised for Version 4.0 (Release 2011a) Revised for Version 4.1 (Release 2011b) Revised for Version 5.0 (Release 2012a)
    1 2 Input, Output, and Conversions File Opening, Loading and Saving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Import from Video Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Export to Video Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Batch Process Image Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Display a Sequence of Images Partition Video Frames to Multiple Image Files . . . . . . . . . Combine Video and Audio Streams into a Single Video File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Import MATLAB Workspace Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Send or Receive Audio and Video Content Over a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Import a Live Video Stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorspace Formatting and Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resample Image Chroma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Convert Intensity to Binary Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Convert R’G’B’ to Intensity Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Process Multidimensional Color Video Signals . . . . . . . . . . Data Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video Data Stored in Column-Major Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Image Formats 1-2 1-2 1-5 1-6 1-9 1-11 1-15 1-17 1-18 1-20 1-21 1-21 1-25 1-37 1-42 1-49 1-49 1-50 1-50 Display and Graphics Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View Streaming Video in MATLAB using Video Player and . . . . . . . . . . . . Preview Video in MATLAB using MPlay Function . . . . . . . Deployable Video Player System Objects 2-2 2-2 2-2 Contents v
    View Video in Simulink using the Video Viewer and To . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video Display Blocks View Video in Simulink using MPlay Function as a Floating Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MPlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 2-4 2-7 Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abandoned Object Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annotate Video Files with Frame Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24 2-24 2-30 3 Registration and Stereo Vision Feature Detection, Extraction, and Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Detect Edges in Images Detect Lines in Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Detect Corner Features in an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Find Possible Point Matches Between Two Images . . . . . . Measure an Angle Between Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Image Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automatically Determine Geometric Transform for Image Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transform Images and Display Registration Results . . . . . Remove the Effect of Camera Motion from a Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stream. Stereo Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compute Disparity Depth Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Find Fundamental Matrix Describing Epipolar Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rectify Stereo Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 3-2 3-8 3-11 3-12 3-14 3-26 3-26 3-27 3-28 3-29 3-29 3-30 3-32 vi Contents
    4 5 6 Motion Estimation and Tracking Detect and Track Moving Objects Using Gaussian Mixture Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video Mosaicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Track an Object Using Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 4-3 4-4 Create a Panoramic Scene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 Geometric Transformations Rotate an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 Resize an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 Crop an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16 Interpolation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nearest Neighbor Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bilinear Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bicubic Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automatically Determine Geometric Transform for Image Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22 5-22 5-23 5-24 5-26 Filters, Transforms, and Enhancements Adjust the Contrast of Intensity Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 vii
    7 8 Adjust the Contrast of Color Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8 Remove Periodic Noise from a Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14 Remove Salt and Pepper Noise from Images . . . . . . . . . 6-23 Sharpen an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30 Statistics and Morphological Operations Find the Histogram of an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Correct Nonuniform Illumination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2 7-9 Count Objects in an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17 Fixed-Point Design Fixed-Point Signal Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed-Point Features Benefits of Fixed-Point Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Benefits of Fixed-Point Design with System Toolboxes Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed-Point Concepts and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed-Point Data Types Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Precision and Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2 8-2 8-2 8-3 8-4 8-4 8-5 8-6 Arithmetic Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modulo Arithmetic 8-10 8-10 viii Contents
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