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eCognition UserGuide.pdf
1 Introduction
1.1 The eCognition 8 Product Suite
1.2 What's new in Definiens eCognition Developer 8?
2 Key Concepts
2.1 Image Layer
2.2 Image Data Set
2.3 Segmentation and classification
2.4 Image Objects, Hierarchies and Domains
2.4.1 Image Objects
2.4.2 Image Object Hierarchy
Image Object Domain
2.5 Scenes, Maps, Projects and Workspaces
2.5.1 Scenes
2.5.2 Maps and Projects
2.5.3 Workspaces
3 Using eCognition Developer in Quick Map Mode
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Workflow
3.2.1 Workflow 1: Starting With New Data
3.2.2 Workflow 2: Building on an Existing Project
3.3 GUI Framework
3.3.1 Building a Solution
3.3.2 Loading and Saving Analysis Settings as Solutions
3.3.2.1 Loading a Solution
3.3.2.2 Running a Solution
3.4 Using Segmentation Actions
3.4.1 Segmentation (Quadtree)
3.4.2 Segmentation (Multiresolution)
3.4.3 Segmentation (Merge Objects)
3.5 Using Classification Actions
3.5.1 Classification (Optimal Box Classifier)
3.5.2 Classification (Clutterremoval)
3.5.3 Classification (Nearest Neighbor)
3.5.4 Classification (Brightness Threshold)
3.6 Exporting Data
3.6.1 Export (Points)
3.6.2 Export (Polygons)
4 Starting eCognition Developer 8
4.1 Starting Multiple Definiens Clients
4.2 The Develop Rule Sets View
4.2.1 Customizing the Layout
4.2.1.1 Default Toolbar Buttons
File Toolbars
View Settings Toolbar
Zoom Functions Toolbar
View Navigate Toolbar
Tools Toolbar
4.2.2 Splitting Windows
4.2.3 Magnifier
4.2.4 Docking
4.2.5 Developer Views
4.2.5.1 View Layer
4.2.5.2 View Classification
4.2.5.3 Feature View
4.2.5.4 Pixel View or Object Mean View
4.2.5.5 Show or Hide Outlines
4.2.5.6 Image View or Project Pixel View
4.2.6 Image Layer Display
4.2.6.1 Single Layer Grayscale
Three Layers RGB
4.2.6.3 Show Previous Image Layer
4.2.6.4 Show Next Image Layer
4.2.6.5 The Edit Image Layer Mixing Dialog Box
Editing Image Layer Mixing for Thumbnails
4.2.6.6 Image Equalization
4.2.7 Adding Text to an Image
4.2.7.1 Changing the Default Text
4.2.7.2 Inserting a Field
4.2.8 3D and 4D Viewing
4.2.8.1 Viewing Image Data in 3D and Over Time
Selecting a Window Layout
Displaying Image Objects in 3D
Navigating in 3D
Setting Transparency for 3D Image Objects
Navigating the Planar Projections
Synchronizing Planar Projections
Customizing the Window Layout
Viewing a Time Series
5 An Introductory Tutorial
5.1 Identifying Shapes
5.1.1 Divide the Image Into Basic Objects
5.1.2 Identifying the Background
5.1.2.1 Overview
5.1.2.2 Writing the Rule Set
5.1.2.3 Joining the Background Pieces
5.1.3 Shapes and Their Attributes
5.1.3.1 Isolating the Circles
5.1.3.2 Isolating the Squares
5.1.3.3 Isolating the Star
5.1.4 The Complete Rule Set
6 Basic Rule Set Editing
6.1 Creating and Editing Processes in the Process Tree Window
6.1.1 Name
6.1.2 Algorithm
6.1.3 Image Object Domain
6.1.4 Algorithm Parameters
6.2 Adding a Process
6.2.1 Selecting and Configuring an Image Object Domain
6.2.2 Adding an Algorithm
6.2.3 Loops & Cycles
6.2.4 Executing a Process
6.2.5 Executing a Process on a Selected Object
6.2.6 Parent and Child Processes
6.2.7 Editing a Rule Set
6.2.8 Undoing Edits
6.2.8.1 Undo Options
6.2.9 Deleting a Process or Rule Set
Editing Using Drag and Drop
6.3 Creating Image Objects Through Segmentation
6.3.1 Top-down Segmentation
6.3.1.1 Chessboard Segmentation
6.3.1.2 Quadtree-Based Segmentation
6.3.1.3 Contrast Filter Segmentation
6.3.1.4 Contrast Split Segmentation
6.3.2 Bottom-up Segmentation
6.3.2.1 Multiresolution Segmentation
The Homogeneity Criterion
Reference
6.3.2.2 Multi-Threshold Segmentation and Auto Thresholds
6.3.2.3 Spectral Difference Segmentation
6.3.3 Segmentation by Reshaping Algorithms
6.3.3.1 Merge Region
6.3.3.2 Grow Region
6.4 Object Levels and Segmentation
6.4.1 About Hierarchical Image Object Levels
6.4.2 Creating an Image Object Level
6.4.3 Creating Object Levels With Segmentation Algorithms
6.4.3.1 Using Segmentation to Create an Image Object Hierarchy
6.4.4 Duplicating an Image Object Level
6.4.5 Editing an Image Object Level or Level Variable
6.4.5.1 Using Predefined Names
6.4.6 Deleting an Image Object Level
6.5 Getting Information on Image Objects
6.5.1 The Image Object Information Window
6.5.2 The Feature View Window
6.5.2.1 Object Features
6.5.2.2 Class-Related Features
6.5.2.3 Linked Object Features
6.5.2.4 Scene Features
6.5.2.5 Process-Related Features
6.5.2.6 Region Features
6.5.2.7 Metadata
6.5.2.8 Feature Variables
6.5.2.9 Creating a New Feature
6.5.2.10 Thematic Attributes
Object Oriented Texture Analysis
6.5.3 Editing the Feature Distance
6.5.3.1 Level Distance
6.5.3.2 Spatial Distance
6.5.3.3 Process Distance
Example
6.5.4 Comparing Objects Using the Image Object Table
Comparing Features Using the 2D Scatter Plot
6.5.5.1 Configuring the 2D Scatter Plot
6.5.5.2 Selecting Features for the 2D Scatter Plot
6.5.5.3 Filtering the 2D Scatter Plot by Classes
6.5.6 Comparing Features Using the 2D Feature Space Plot
6.5.7 Using Metadata and Features
6.5.7.1 Manual Metadata Import
6.5.7.2 Customized Metadata Import
6.5.7.3 Populating the Metadata List
6.6 Tutorials
6.6.1 Comparing segmentation methods
6.6.1.1 The Rule Set
7 Projects and Workspaces
7.1 Creating a Simple Project
Creating a Project with Predefined Settings
7.2.1 The Create Project Dialog Box
Editing Multidimensional Map Parameters
Assigning No-Data Values
Importing Image Layers of Different Scales
Geocoding
Multisource Data Fusion
7.2.7 Working with LiDAR Files
7.2.7.1 Loading LiDAR Point Cloud Files in .las Format
7.3 Creating, Saving and Loading Workspaces
7.3.1 Opening and Creating New Workspaces
7.3.1.1 User Permissions
7.3.2 Importing Scenes into a Workspace
7.3.2.1 Supported Import Templates
7.3.2.2 Generic Import Templates
About Generic Import Templates
Options
8 About Classification
8.1 Key Classification Concepts
8.1.1 Assigning Classes
8.1.2 Class Descriptions and Hierarchies
8.1.2.1 Creating and Editing a Class
Creating a Class in the Class Hierarchy Window
Creating a Class as Part of a Process
The Assign Class Algorithm
8.1.2.2 Editing the Class Description
Inserting an Expression
Moving an Expression
Editing an Expression
Evaluating Undefined Image Objects
Deleting an Expression
Using Samples for Nearest Neighbor Classification
Defining Sample Image Objects
Adding Comments to an Expression
8.2 Classification Algorithms
8.2.1 The Assign Class Algorithm
8.2.2 The Classification Algorithm
8.2.3 The Hierarchical Classification Algorithm
8.2.3.1 Using Hierarchical Classification With a Process
8.2.4 Advanced Classification Algorithms
8.3 Thresholds
8.3.1 Using Thresholds with Class Descriptions
About the Class Description
8.3.3 Using Membership Functions for Classification
8.3.3.1 Membership Function Type
8.3.3.2 Generating Membership Functions Automatically
Editing Membership Function Parameters
8.3.3.3 Editing the Minimum Membership Value
8.3.3.4 Adding Weightings to Membership Functions
Using Similarities for Classification
8.3.4 Evaluation Classes
8.3.4.1 Creating Evaluation Classes
8.3.4.2 Using Evaluation Classes
8.4 Supervised Classification
Nearest Neighbor Classification
8.4.1.1 Defining the Feature Space with Nearest Neighbor Expressions
8.4.1.2 Applying the Standard Nearest Neighbor Classifier
Interactive Workflow for Nearest Neighbor Classification
8.4.1.4 Optimizing the Feature Space
Using Feature Space Optimization
Viewing Advanced Information
Using the Optimization Results
8.4.2 Working with the Sample Editor
8.4.2.1 Comparing Features
8.4.2.2 Viewing the Value of an Image Object
8.4.2.3 Selecting Samples
Assessing the Quality of Samples
Navigating Samples
8.4.2.6 Deleting Samples
8.4.3 Training and Test Area Masks
8.4.3.1 Creating and Saving a TTA Mask
Loading and Applying a TTA Mask
The Edit Conversion Table
8.4.5 Creating Samples Based on a Shapefile
8.4.5.1 Creating the Samples
8.4.6 Selecting Samples with the Sample Brush
Setting the Nearest Neighbor Function Slope
8.4.8 Using Class-Related Features in a Nearest Neighbor Feature Space
9 Advanced Rule Set Concepts
9.1 Units, Scales and Co-ordinate Systems
9.2 Thematic Layers and Thematic Objects
Importing, Editing and Deleting Thematic Layers
9.2.1.1 Importing Polygon Shapefiles
9.2.2 Displaying a Thematic Layer
The Thematic Layer Attribute Table
9.2.4 Manually Editing Thematic Vector Objects
9.2.4.1 Manual Editing Tools
9.2.4.2 Creating a New Thematic Layer
9.2.4.3 Generating Thematic Objects
Creating Polygon Objects
Creating Lines and Points
9.2.4.4 Generating Thematic Objects from Image Objects
9.2.4.5 Selecting Thematic Objects Manually
Merging Thematic Objects Manually
9.2.4.7 Merging Thematic Objects Based on Image Objects
9.2.4.8 Cutting a Thematic Object Manually
9.2.4.9 Saving Thematic Objects to a Thematic Layer
Using a Thematic Layer for Segmentation
9.3 Variables in Rule Sets
9.3.1 About Variables
9.3.1.1 Scene Variables
9.3.1.2 Object Variables
9.3.1.3 Class Variables
9.3.1.4 Feature Variables
9.3.1.5 Level Variables
9.3.1.6 Image Layer and Thematic Layer Variables
9.3.1.7 Region Variables
9.3.1.8 Map Variables
9.3.1.9 Feature List Variables
9.3.1.10 Image Object List Variables
9.3.2 Creating a Variable
9.3.2.1 Creating a Scene or Object Variable
9.3.2.2 Creating a Class Variable
9.3.2.3 Creating a Feature Variable
9.3.2.4 Creating a Region Variable
9.3.2.5 Creating Other Types of Variables
9.3.3 Saving Variables as Parameter Sets
9.3.3.1 Creating a Parameter Set
9.3.3.2 Editing a Parameter Set
9.3.3.3 Managing Parameter Sets
9.4 Image Objects and Their Relationships
9.4.1 Implementing Child Domains via the Execute Child Process Algorithm
9.4.2 Child Domains and Parent Processes
9.4.2.1 Terminology
Parent Process Objects
9.4.2.3 Using Parent Process Objects for Local Processing
9.5 Tutorial
9.5.1 Tutorial: Using Process-Related Features for Advanced Local Processing
9.6 Customized Features
9.6.1 Creating Customized Features
9.6.2 Arithmetic Customized Features
9.6.3 Relational Customized Features
9.6.4 Saving and Loading Customized Features
9.6.5 Finding Customized Features
9.7 Customized Algorithms
9.7.1 Dependencies and Scope Consistency Rules
9.7.2 Handling of References to Local Items During Runtime
9.7.3 Domain Handling in Customized Algorithms
9.7.4 Creating a Customized Algorithm
9.7.5 Using Customized Algorithms
9.7.6 Modifying a Customized Algorithm
9.7.7 Executing a Customized Algorithm for Testing
9.7.8 Deleting a Customized Algorithm
9.7.9 Using a Customized Algorithm in Another Rule Set
9.8 Maps
9.8.1 The Maps Concept
9.8.2 Adding a Map to a Project to Create Multi-Project Maps
Copying a Map for Multi-Scale Analysis
9.8.4 Editing Map Properties
9.8.5 Displaying Maps
9.8.6 Synchronizing Maps
9.8.7 Saving and Deleting Maps
9.8.8 Working with Multiple Maps
9.8.8.1 Multi-Scale Image Analysis
9.8.8.2 One Map Per Object
9.9 Workspace Automation
9.9.1 Overview
9.9.1.1 Scene Copy
9.9.1.2 Scene Subset
9.9.1.3 Scene Tiles
9.9.2 Manually Creating Copies and Tiles
9.9.2.1 Creating a Copy with Scale
9.9.2.2 Creating Tiles
9.9.3 Manually Stitch Scene Subsets and Tiles
9.9.4 Processing Sub-Scenes with Subroutines
9.9.4.1 Creating a Subroutine
9.9.4.2 Executing a Subroutine
9.9.4.3 Editing Subroutines
9.9.5 Multi-Scale Workflows
9.9.5.1 Tiling and Stitching
9.9.5.2 Create a Scene Subset
9.9.5.3 Use Cases: Multi-Scale Image Analysis 1-3
Multi-Scale 1: Rescale a Scene Copy
Multi-Scale 2: Create Rescaled Subset Copies of Regions of Interest
Multi-Scale 3: Use Tiling and Stitching
9.9.5.4 Getting Sub-Project Statistics in Nested Workspace Automation
9.10 Object Links
9.10.1 About Image Object Links
9.10.2 Image Objects and their Relationships
9.10.2.1 Implementing Child Domains via the Execute Child Process Algorithm
9.10.3 Creating and Saving Image Object Links
9.10.3.1 Displaying Object Links
9.10.3.2 Deriving Object Link Statistics
9.11 Polygons and Skeletons
9.11.1 Viewing Polygons
9.11.2 Viewing Skeletons
9.11.2.1 About Skeletons
Encrypting and Decrypting Rule Sets
10 Additional Development Tools
10.1 The Find and Replace Bar
10.1.1 Find and Replace Modifiers
10.2 Rule Set Documentation
10.2.1 Adding Comments
10.2.2 The Rule Set Documentation Window
10.3 Process Paths
10.4 Improving Performance with the Process Profiler
10.5 Snippets
10.5.1 Snippets Options
11 Automating Image Analysis
11.1 Loading and Managing Data
11.1.1 Projects and Workspaces
11.1.1.1 Creating, Saving and Loading Workspaces
Opening and Creating New Workspaces
Importing Scenes into a Workspace
Supported Import Templates
Displaying Statistics in Folder View
11.1.2 Data Import
11.1.2.1 Creating Customized Imports
Editing Search Strings and Scene Names
Project Naming in Workspaces
Managing Folders in the Workspace Tree View
Saving and Moving Workspaces
Opening Projects and Workspace Subsets
Inspecting the State of a Project
Inspecting the History of a Project
Reverting to a Previous Version
Importing an Existing Project into a Workspace
Creating a New Project Within a Workspace
Loading Scenes as Maps into a New Project
Working on Subsets and Copies of Scenes
Removing Projects and Deleting Folders
Saving a Workspace List to File
Copying the Workspace Window
11.1.3 Collecting Statistical Results of Subscenes
11.1.4 Executing Rule Sets with Subroutines
11.1.5 Tutorials
11.1.5.1 Use Case Basic: Create a Scene Subset
11.1.5.2 Use Case Advanced: Transfer Results
11.2 Batch Processing
11.2.1 Submitting Batch Jobs to a Server
Changing the Configuration of the Analysis Engine
Settings
Plug-Ins
Drivers
Extensions
Changing the Configuration
11.2.2 Tiling and Stitching
11.2.2.1 Creating Tiles
11.2.2.2 Stitching Tiling Results Together
11.2.3 Interactive Workflows
11.3 Exporting Data
11.3.1 Automated Data Export
11.3.2 Reporting Data on a Single Project
11.3.2.1 Exporting Results as Raster Files
11.3.2.2 Exporting Results as Statistics
11.3.2.3 Generating Reports
11.3.2.4 Exporting Results as Shapefiles
11.3.2.5 Exporting the Current View
11.3.2.6 Copying the Current View to the Clipboard
11.3.3 Exporting the Contents of a Window
12 Rule Sets for Definiens Architect
12.1 Action Libraries
12.1.1 Creating User Parameters
12.1.2 Creating a Quick Test Button
12.1.3 Maintaining Rule Sets for Actions
12.1.4 Workspace Automation
12.1.5 Creating a New Action Library
12.1.6 Assembling and Editing an Action Library
12.1.6.1 Editing the General Settings Definition
12.1.6.2 Editing Action Groups
12.1.6.3 Editing Action Definitions
Editing Action Dependencies
Loading Rule Sets for Use in Action Libraries
12.1.7 Updating a Solution while Developing Actions
12.1.8 Building an Analysis Solution
12.1.8.1 The Analysis Builder Window
12.1.8.2 Opening and Closing Action Libraries
12.1.8.3 Assembling a Solution from Actions in the Analysis Builder
Selecting an Action
Settings
General Settings
Calibrating Image Reader Settings
Saving and Loading Analysis Solutions
Testing and Improving Solutions
Importing Action Definitions
Saving Configured Actions with a Project
12.1.8.4 Creating Calibration Parameter Set Files
12.1.9 Editing Widgets for Action Properties
12.1.10 Exporting Action Definition to File
13 Advanced Data Visualization
Accuracy Assessment
13.1.1 Classification Stability
Error Matrices
13.2 Tissue
13.2.1 The Heat Map
Viewing Thumbnails in the Heat Map Window
Comparing Scene Statistics
Comparing Tile Statistics
13.3 TMA Grid View
13.3.1 Defining the Grid Layout
13.3.2 Matching Cores to the Grid
13.3.3 Changing the Grid After Matching
13.3.4 Editing Cores
13.4 Cellenger
13.4.1 Plate View
Viewing Results in Plate View
View Result Values in the Graph
13.4.1.3 Input Compounds to Plate Rows
Creating Compounds
Customizing Dilution Sequences
Assigning and Unassigning Compounds to a Plate
Creating Dose-Response Curves
13.4.2.1 Displaying Dose-Response Data Points
13.4.2.2 Fitting the Dose Response Curve
The Fitting Models
14 eCognition Developer 8 Options
15 Appendix: Acknowledgements
16 Index
Definiens
eCognition Developer 8
User Guide
Definiens eCognition Developer 8 – User Guide
Imprint and Version
Document Version 1.2.0
Copyright © 2009 Definiens AG. All rights reserved.
This document may be copied and printed only in accordance with the terms of the Frame License
Agreement for End Users of the related Definiens software.
Published by
Definiens AG
Trappentreustr. 1
D-80339 München
Germany
Phone +49-89-231180-0
Fax
+49-89-231180-90
Web www.definiens.com
Dear User,
Thank you for using Definiens software. We appreciate being of service to you with image intelligence
solutions.
At Definiens we constantly strive to improve our products. We therefore appreciate all comments and
suggestions for improvements concerning our software, training, and documentation.
Feel free to contact us via the web form on the Definiens website: www.definiens.com/support
Thank you.
Legal Notes
Definiens®, Definiens Cellenger® and Definiens Cognition Network Technology® are registered
trademarks of Definiens AG in Germany and other countries. Cognition Network Technology™,
Definiens eCognition®, Enterprise Image Intelligence™, Definiens Enterprise Image Intelligence® and
Understanding Images® are trademarks of Definiens AG in Germany and other countries.
All other product names, company names, and brand names mentioned in this document may be
trademark properties of their respective holders.
Protected by patents US6091852, US6229920, US7117131, US6738513, US6832002, US7523079,
US7437004, US7574053, US7523115, US7523414, US7146380,, WO9627848, WO9741529, WO9802845,
WO9923603, EP0858051, EP0863485, WO0054176, WO0060497, WO0063788, WO0145033,
WO0171577, WO0175574, WO0205198, WO2004090808, WO2004036337.
Acknowledgements
Portions of this product are based in part on 3rd party software components.
Definiens Developer XD: copyright (c) 1995 – 2008 Definiens AG, Trappentreustraße 1, 80339 Munich,
Germany. All rights reserved.
The Visualisation Toolkit (VTK): copyright (c) 1993 – 2006 Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen. All
rights reserved.
Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK): copyright (c) 1999 – 2003 Insight Software
Consortium. All rights reserved.
2
Definiens eCognition Developer 8 – User Guide
Table of Contents
1
2
4
3.3
3.4
3.5
2.5
Introduction .............................................................................................................8
1.1
The eCognition 8 Product Suite .....................................................................................8
1.2 What's new in Definiens eCognition Developer 8? .................................................8
Key Concepts ..........................................................................................................10
2.1
Image Layer........................................................................................................................ 10
2.2
Image Data Set.................................................................................................................. 10
Segmentation and classification................................................................................. 10
2.3
Image Objects, Hierarchies and Domains................................................................ 10
2.4
2.4.1
Image Objects.................................................................................................. 10
2.4.2
Image Object Hierarchy................................................................................ 11
2.4.3
Image Object Domain................................................................................... 11
Scenes, Maps, Projects and Workspaces .................................................................. 12
2.5.1
Scenes................................................................................................................. 12
2.5.2 Maps and Projects .......................................................................................... 12
2.5.3 Workspaces....................................................................................................... 13
3 Using eCognition Developer in Quick Map Mode...............................................14
Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 14
3.1
3.2 Workflow............................................................................................................................. 14
3.2.1 Workflow 1: Starting With New Data ....................................................... 14
3.2.2 Workflow 2: Building on an Existing Project.......................................... 15
GUI Framework ................................................................................................................. 15
Building a Solution......................................................................................... 15
3.3.1
3.3.2
Loading and Saving Analysis Settings as Solutions ............................ 15
Using Segmentation Actions........................................................................................ 16
3.4.1
Segmentation (Quadtree)............................................................................ 16
Segmentation (Multiresolution) ................................................................ 17
3.4.2
3.4.3
Segmentation (Merge Objects).................................................................. 19
Using Classification Actions.......................................................................................... 19
3.5.1
Classification (Optimal Box Classifier)...................................................... 20
Classification (Clutterremoval)................................................................... 21
3.5.2
Classification (Nearest Neighbor).............................................................. 23
3.5.3
3.5.4
Classification (Brightness Threshold)....................................................... 24
Exporting Data .................................................................................................................. 24
Export (Points) ................................................................................................. 25
3.6.1
3.6.2
Export (Polygons) ........................................................................................... 25
Starting eCognition Developer 8..........................................................................26
4.1
Starting Multiple Definiens Clients............................................................................. 26
The Develop Rule Sets View ......................................................................................... 27
4.2
Customizing the Layout ............................................................................... 27
4.2.1
4.2.2
Splitting Windows .......................................................................................... 28
4.2.3 Magnifier ........................................................................................................... 29
Docking.............................................................................................................. 29
4.2.4
Developer Views ............................................................................................. 29
4.2.5
4.2.6
Image Layer Display....................................................................................... 32
4.2.7
Adding Text to an Image.............................................................................. 36
3D and 4D Viewing......................................................................................... 37
4.2.8
5 An Introductory Tutorial .......................................................................................42
Identifying Shapes ........................................................................................................... 42
5.1.1
Divide the Image Into Basic Objects......................................................... 42
Identifying the Background ........................................................................ 43
5.1.2
Shapes and Their Attributes........................................................................ 44
5.1.3
5.1.4
The Complete Rule Set.................................................................................. 46
5.1
3.6
3
Definiens eCognition Developer 8 – User Guide
6
6.2
Basic Rule Set Editing ............................................................................................47
Creating and Editing Processes in the Process Tree Window ........................... 47
6.1
6.1.1
Name................................................................................................................... 48
Algorithm .......................................................................................................... 48
6.1.2
6.1.3
Image Object Domain................................................................................... 48
6.1.4
Algorithm Parameters................................................................................... 48
Adding a Process.............................................................................................................. 48
Selecting and Configuring an Image Object Domain ........................ 48
6.2.1
Adding an Algorithm..................................................................................... 50
6.2.2
6.2.3
Loops & Cycles................................................................................................. 51
6.2.4
Executing a Process ....................................................................................... 51
6.2.5
Executing a Process on a Selected Object.............................................. 51
Parent and Child Processes ......................................................................... 52
6.2.6
6.2.7
Editing a Rule Set............................................................................................ 52
6.2.8
Undoing Edits .................................................................................................. 52
6.2.9
Deleting a Process or Rule Set.................................................................... 53
6.2.10 Editing Using Drag and Drop...................................................................... 53
Creating Image Objects Through Segmentation .................................................. 53
6.3.1
Top-down Segmentation............................................................................. 54
6.3.2
Bottom-up Segmentation............................................................................ 55
6.3.3
Segmentation by Reshaping Algorithms ............................................... 57
Object Levels and Segmentation................................................................................ 58
6.4.1
About Hierarchical Image Object Levels................................................. 58
6.4.2
Creating an Image Object Level ................................................................ 59
Creating Object Levels With Segmentation Algorithms ................... 60
6.4.3
Duplicating an Image Object Level .......................................................... 60
6.4.4
6.4.5
Editing an Image Object Level or Level Variable ................................. 60
6.4.6
Deleting an Image Object Level ................................................................ 61
Getting Information on Image Objects..................................................................... 62
The Image Object Information Window ................................................. 62
6.5.1
6.5.2
The Feature View Window........................................................................... 63
6.5.3
Editing the Feature Distance ...................................................................... 67
Comparing Objects Using the Image Object Table ............................ 68
6.5.4
Comparing Features Using the 2D Scatter Plot.................................... 69
6.5.5
6.5.6
Comparing Features Using the 2D Feature Space Plot...................... 70
6.5.7
Using Metadata and Features .................................................................... 71
Tutorials............................................................................................................................... 75
6.6.1
Comparing segmentation methods......................................................... 75
Projects and Workspaces ......................................................................................76
7.1
Creating a Simple Project .............................................................................................. 76
Creating a Project with Predefined Settings........................................................... 77
7.2
The Create Project Dialog Box.................................................................... 78
7.2.1
7.2.2
Editing Multidimensional Map Parameters ........................................... 79
7.2.3
Assigning No-Data Values ........................................................................... 80
7.2.4
Importing Image Layers of Different Scales........................................... 82
7.2.5
Geocoding......................................................................................................... 82
7.2.6 Multisource Data Fusion .............................................................................. 83
7.2.7 Working with LiDAR Files............................................................................. 83
Creating, Saving and Loading Workspaces............................................................. 84
Opening and Creating New Workspaces................................................ 85
7.3.1
7.3.2
Importing Scenes into a Workspace......................................................... 85
8 About Classification...............................................................................................89
Key Classification Concepts .......................................................................................... 89
Assigning Classes............................................................................................ 89
8.1.1
8.1.2
Class Descriptions and Hierarchies........................................................... 89
7.3
8.1
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
7
4
Definiens eCognition Developer 8 – User Guide
8.4
8.3
8.2
Classification Algorithms............................................................................................... 94
The Assign Class Algorithm......................................................................... 94
8.2.1
8.2.2
The Classification Algorithm....................................................................... 94
8.2.3
The Hierarchical Classification Algorithm .............................................. 94
8.2.4
Advanced Classification Algorithms ........................................................ 96
Thresholds .......................................................................................................................... 96
8.3.1
Using Thresholds with Class Descriptions.............................................. 96
8.3.2
About the Class Description........................................................................ 97
Using Membership Functions for Classification................................... 97
8.3.3
8.3.4
Evaluation Classes ........................................................................................102
Supervised Classification .............................................................................................103
Nearest Neighbor Classification ..............................................................103
8.4.1
8.4.2 Working with the Sample Editor .............................................................110
8.4.3
Training and Test Area Masks...................................................................115
8.4.4
The Edit Conversion Table.........................................................................116
8.4.5
Creating Samples Based on a Shapefile................................................117
8.4.6
Selecting Samples with the Sample Brush...........................................119
Setting the Nearest Neighbor Function Slope....................................119
8.4.7
8.4.8
Using Class-Related Features in a Nearest Neighbor
Feature Space ................................................................................................119
9 Advanced Rule Set Concepts ..............................................................................120
Units, Scales and Co-ordinate Systems...................................................................120
Thematic Layers and Thematic Objects..................................................................120
9.2.1
Importing, Editing and Deleting Thematic Layers.............................120
9.2.2
Displaying a Thematic Layer.....................................................................121
The Thematic Layer Attribute Table.......................................................122
9.2.3
9.2.4 Manually Editing Thematic Vector Objects..........................................122
9.2.5
Using a Thematic Layer for Segmentation...........................................127
Variables in Rule Sets ....................................................................................................127
9.3.1
About Variables.............................................................................................128
9.3.2
Creating a Variable.......................................................................................129
9.3.3
Saving Variables as Parameter Sets ........................................................131
Image Objects and Their Relationships ..................................................................133
9.4.1
Implementing Child Domains via the Execute Child
Process Algorithm ........................................................................................133
9.4.2
Child Domains and Parent Processes.....................................................133
Tutorial...............................................................................................................................138
9.5.1
9.1
9.2
9.7
9.6
Tutorial: Using Process-Related Features for Advanced
Local Processing............................................................................................138
Customized Features ....................................................................................................141
Creating Customized Features.................................................................142
9.6.1
9.6.2
Arithmetic Customized Features.............................................................142
9.6.3
Relational Customized Features..............................................................144
9.6.4
Saving and Loading Customized Features...........................................146
9.6.5
Finding Customized Features...................................................................147
Customized Algorithms ...............................................................................................147
9.7.1
Dependencies and Scope Consistency Rules......................................148
9.7.2
Handling of References to Local Items During Runtime .................148
Domain Handling in Customized Algorithms.....................................148
9.7.3
9.7.4
Creating a Customized Algorithm ..........................................................149
9.7.5
Using Customized Algorithms .................................................................151
9.7.6 Modifying a Customized Algorithm.......................................................152
Executing a Customized Algorithm for Testing .................................152
9.7.7
9.7.8
Deleting a Customized Algorithm ..........................................................152
9.7.9
Using a Customized Algorithm in Another Rule Set.........................152
9.8 Maps ...................................................................................................................................153
9.3
9.4
9.5
5
Definiens eCognition Developer 8 – User Guide
9.12
10.1
9.11
The Maps Concept........................................................................................153
9.8.1
Adding a Map to a Project to Create Multi-Project Maps................153
9.8.2
Copying a Map for Multi-Scale Analysis................................................154
9.8.3
Editing Map Properties ...............................................................................154
9.8.4
Displaying Maps............................................................................................155
9.8.5
9.8.6
Synchronizing Maps ....................................................................................155
Saving and Deleting Maps.........................................................................155
9.8.7
9.8.8 Working with Multiple Maps.....................................................................155
9.9 Workspace Automation ...............................................................................................156
9.9.1
Overview..........................................................................................................156
9.9.2 Manually Creating Copies and Tiles .......................................................157
9.9.3 Manually Stitch Scene Subsets and Tiles ..............................................159
9.9.4
Processing Sub-Scenes with Subroutines ............................................159
9.9.5 Multi-Scale Workflows.................................................................................160
9.10 Object Links......................................................................................................................165
9.10.1 About Image Object Links .........................................................................165
9.10.2
Image Objects and their Relationships .................................................166
9.10.3 Creating and Saving Image Object Links..............................................166
Polygons and Skeletons...............................................................................................167
9.11.1 Viewing Polygons .........................................................................................168
9.11.2 Viewing Skeletons ........................................................................................170
Encrypting and Decrypting Rule Sets......................................................................171
10 Additional Development Tools...........................................................................173
The Find and Replace Bar ............................................................................................173
10.1.1 Find and Replace Modifiers.......................................................................174
10.2 Rule Set Documentation..............................................................................................174
10.2.1 Adding Comments.......................................................................................174
10.2.2 The Rule Set Documentation Window ..................................................174
Process Paths...................................................................................................................174
Improving Performance with the Process Profiler ..............................................175
Snippets.............................................................................................................................176
10.5.1 Snippets Options ..........................................................................................177
11 Automating Image Analysis................................................................................178
Loading and Managing Data......................................................................................178
11.1.1 Projects and Workspaces ...........................................................................178
11.1.2 Data Import.....................................................................................................180
11.1.3 Collecting Statistical Results of Subscenes ..........................................187
11.1.4 Executing Rule Sets with Subroutines...................................................187
11.1.5 Tutorials ...........................................................................................................188
11.2 Batch Processing ............................................................................................................189
11.2.1 Submitting Batch Jobs to a Server..........................................................189
11.2.2 Tiling and Stitching......................................................................................192
11.2.3
Interactive Workflows .................................................................................193
Exporting Data ................................................................................................................193
11.3.1 Automated Data Export .............................................................................194
11.3.2 Reporting Data on a Single Project ........................................................194
11.3.3 Exporting the Contents of a Window ....................................................198
12 Rule Sets for Definiens Architect ........................................................................200
12.1 Action Libraries ...............................................................................................................200
12.1.1 Creating User Parameters ..........................................................................200
12.1.2 Creating a Quick Test Button....................................................................200
12.1.3 Maintaining Rule Sets for Actions ...........................................................201
12.1.4 Workspace Automation..............................................................................201
12.1.5 Creating a New Action Library .................................................................201
10.3
10.4
10.5
11.1
11.3
6
Definiens eCognition Developer 8 – User Guide
13.2
12.1.6 Assembling and Editing an Action Library...........................................202
12.1.7 Updating a Solution while Developing Actions.................................205
12.1.8 Building an Analysis Solution ...................................................................205
12.1.9 Editing Widgets for Action Properties ...................................................211
12.1.10 Exporting Action Definition to File .........................................................212
13 Advanced Data Visualization..............................................................................213
13.1 Accuracy Assessment....................................................................................................213
13.1.1 Classification Stability .................................................................................214
13.1.2 Error Matrices .................................................................................................214
Tissue..................................................................................................................................215
13.2.1 The Heat Map.................................................................................................215
TMA Grid View.................................................................................................................218
13.3.1 Defining the Grid Layout............................................................................218
13.3.2 Matching Cores to the Grid .......................................................................219
13.3.3 Changing the Grid After Matching .........................................................221
13.3.4 Editing Cores ..................................................................................................221
13.4 Cellenger...........................................................................................................................222
13.4.1 Plate View........................................................................................................222
13.4.2 Creating Dose-Response Curves .............................................................226
14 eCognition Developer 8 Options........................................................................229
15 Appendix: Acknowledgements ..........................................................................234
16
Index......................................................................................................................235
13.3
7
Definiens eCognition Developer 8 – User Guide
1
INTRODUCTION
Definiens eCognition Developer 8 follows an object-oriented approach towards image analysis. It
provides you with a bundle of innovative features and algorithms for automated image analysis. The
concept behind eCognition Developer 8 is that the important semantic information necessary to
interpret an image is not represented in single pixels, but in meaningful image objects and their
mutual relationships. The basic difference, especially when compared to pixel-based procedures, is
that eCognition Developer 8 does not classify single pixels, but rather image objects identified in a
previous image segmentation step.
1.1 The eCognition 8 Product Suite
The eCognition 8 Product Suite offers three different components, which can be used individually or
in combination to solve even the most challenging image analysis tasks.
Figure 1: Definiens multi-dimensional image analysis software
Definiens eCognition Developer 8 is a powerful integrated development environment for rapid
image analysis solution development. Developers have unlimited access to the full functionality of the
Definiens Cognition Network Language along with development and workflow tools to aid in the
rapid development of new image analysis solutions. The developed solutions can be saved for
automated image analysis in standalone and distributed environments using Definiens eCognition 8
Server.
eCognition Architect enables non-technical professionals such as vegetation mapping experts, urban
planners or foresters to leverage Definiens technology. Users can easily configure, calibrate and
execute image analysis workflows created in Definiens eCognition Developer 8.
Definiens eCognition 8 Server software provides a processing environment for the batch execution
of image analysis jobs.
1.2 What's new in Definiens eCognition Developer
8?
Definiens eCognition Developer 8 Quickmap Mode: In addition to the traditional rule set
development mode, eCognition Developer 8 comes with an additional startup mode called
Quickmap Mode. This mode is targeted at the occasional user and focuses on sample-based
image analysis. It offers a greatly simplified workflow limited to the essential steps of sample-
driven, object-based image analysis
Manual classification tools: In Definiens eCognition Developer 8 a large number of tools and
functionality supporting generation of more comprehensible eCognition Architect 8 applications
have been added. A strong emphasis was put on supporting semi-automatic workflows
8
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