2002 年上海华东师范大学教育心理学及教育管理学考研真 题 教育心理学 一、简答题（每题 10 分，共计 40 分） 1.简述 J·R.·安德森的知识分类体系 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 2.简述 R·加涅的 5 类学习结果 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3.简述动作技能学习的进程及支持这类学习的内外条件 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 4.简述态度的形成与改变的心理机制 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 二、问答题（3 道题中任选 2 道作答，每题 30 分，共计 60 分）∶ 1.当今的认知心理学家不仅对人的知识作了明确的分类，而且还揭示了在这些不同类型的知 识间存在互动。 （1）请阐明在各领域的专家头脑中具备哪些知识方面的优势; 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ （2）并就这些知识间的互动情况作出阐明。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 2.学习前人积累的科学文化知识，一是求理解，二是将理解转化为能作用外部世界的能力， 而远非是简单地"拷贝"或吸收，因此当今的认知心理学家非常强调其中的建构过程。 （1）请根据这一学术观点分析 Ausubel 的有意义学习的同化理论与 Gagné的认知技能获得 观所侧重的方面; _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ （2）他们在解释认知学习方面的力度。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3."知识创新"是当前颇为流行的用语，而在认知心理学家看来在解决问题中便有创新，因为 他们所说的问题是指个体首次遇到而又无现成的知识可以直接利用来解决的情境。 （1）请例举个体在解决问题中必须依赖的各类知识; _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ （2）并对上述这种流行的用语作出在心理学上可行的解释。 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 教育管理学 一、名词解释（每题 5 分，共 40 分） 1、教育人事管理 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 2、非程序化决策 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3、义务教育 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 4、松散结合理论 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 5、校本管理 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 6、教育行政中央集权制 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 7、西蒙 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 8、组织文化 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 二、论述题（共 60 分） 1、评述激励理论及其在教育管理实践中的运用。（15 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 2、结合《教育法》中有关规定，论证举办学校的必要条件。（15 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3、你认为学校组织中人际沟通行为主要有哪些障碍?如何才能在学校管理中达到有效的沟通? （30 分） 

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