TM SYNCHRONIZATION AND CHANNEL CODING.pdf

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AUTHORITY

STATEMENT OF INTENT

FOREWORD

DOCUMENT CONTROL

CONTENTS

CONTENTS (continued)

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE

1.2 SCOPE

1.3 APPLICABILITY

1.4 RATIONALE

1.5 DOCUMENT STRUCTURE

1.6 CONVENTIONS AND DEFINITIONS

1.7 PATENTED TECHNOLOGIES

1.8 REFERENCES

2 OVERVIEW

2.1 ARCHITECTURE

2.2 SUMMARY OF FUNCTIONS

2.3 INTERNAL ORGANIZATION OF SUBLAYER

3 CONVOLUTIONAL CODING

3.1 OVERVIEW

3.2 GENERAL

3.3 BASIC CONVOLUTIONAL CODE SPECIFICATION

3.4 PUNCTURED CONVOLUTIONAL CODES

4 REED-SOLOMON CODING

4.1 OVERVIEW

4.2 GENERAL

4.3 SPECIFICATION

4.4 DISCUSSION

5 CONCATENATED CODING

6 TURBO CODING

6.1 OVERVIEW

6.2 GENERAL

6.3 SPECIFICATION

7 LOW-DENSITY PARITY-CHECK CODING

7.1 OVERVIEW

7.2 GENERAL

7.3 LOW-DENSITY PARITY-CHECK CODE WITH RATE 223/255

7.4 LOW-DENSITY PARITY-CHECK CODE FAMILY WITH RATES 1/2, 2/3, AND 4/5

8 FRAME SYNCHRONIZATION

8.1 OVERVIEW

8.2 THE ATTACHED SYNC MARKER (ASM)

8.3 ASM BIT PATTERNS

8.4 LOCATION OF ASM

8.5 RELATIONSHIP OF ASM TO REED-SOLOMON, TURBO, AND LDPC CODEBLOCKS AND CODEWORDS

8.6 ASM FOR EMBEDDED DATA STREAM

9 PSEUDO-RANDOMIZER

9.1 OVERVIEW

9.2 PSEUDO-RANDOMIZER DESCRIPTION

9.3 SYNCHRONIZATION AND APPLICATION OF PSEUDO-RANDOMIZER

9.4 SEQUENCE SPECIFICATION

9.5 LOGIC DIAGRAM

10 TRANSFER FRAME LENGTHS

10.1 OVERVIEW

10.2 GENERAL

10.3 CASE 1: UNCODED

10.4 CASE 2: CONVOLUTIONAL ONLY

10.5 CASE 3: REED-SOLOMON ONLY

10.6 CASE 4: CONCATENATED

10.7 CASE 5: TURBO

10.8 CASE 6: LDPC

11 MANAGED PARAMETERS

11.1 OVERVIEW

11.2 GENERAL

11.3 MANAGED PARAMETERS FOR SELECTED OPTIONS

11.4 MANAGED PARAMETERS FOR CONVOLUTIONAL CODE

11.5 MANAGED PARAMETERS FOR REED-SOLOMON CODE

11.6 MANAGED PARAMETERS FOR TURBO CODE

11.7 MANAGED PARAMETERS FOR LOW-DENSITY PARITY-CHECK CODE

11.8 MANAGED PARAMETERS FOR FRAME SYNCHRONIZATION

ANNEX A SERVICE(NORMATIVE)

ANNEX B SECURITY, SANA, AND PATENT CONSIDERATIONS(INFORMATIVE)

ANNEX C ANNEX TO SUBSECTION 7.3,LOW-DENSITY PARITY-CHECK CODE WITH RATE 223/255(INFORMATIVE)

ANNEX D ACRONYMS AND TERMS(INFORMATIVE)

ANNEX E INFORMATIVE REFERENCES(INFORMATIVE)

ANNEX F TRANSFORMATION BETWEEN BERLEKAMPAND CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATIONS(INFORMATIVE)

ANNEX G EXPANSION OF REED-SOLOMON COEFFICIENTS(INFORMATIVE)

ANNEX H CHANGES FROM REFERENCES [E2] AND [E3](INFORMATIVE)

Recommendation for Space Data System Standards TM SYNCHRONIZATION AND CHANNEL CODING RECOMMENDED STANDARD CCSDS 131.0-B-2 BLUE BOOK August 2011

CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR TM SYNCHRONIZATION AND CHANNEL CODING AUTHORITY Issue: Date: Location: Recommended Standard, Issue 2 August 2011 Washington, DC, USA This document has been approved for publication by the Management Council of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) and represents the consensus technical agreement of the participating CCSDS Member Agencies. The procedure for review and authorization of CCSDS documents is detailed in the Procedures Manual for the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, and the record of Agency participation in the authorization of this document can be obtained from the CCSDS Secretariat at the address below. This document is published and maintained by: CCSDS Secretariat Space Communications and Navigation Office, 7L70 Space Operations Mission Directorate NASA Headquarters Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA CCSDS 131.0-B-2 Page i August 2011

CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR TM SYNCHRONIZATION AND CHANNEL CODING STATEMENT OF INTENT The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) is an organization officially established by the management of its members. The Committee meets periodically to address data systems problems that are common to all participants, and to formulate sound technical solutions to these problems. Inasmuch as participation in the CCSDS is completely voluntary, the results of Committee actions are termed Recommended Standards and are not considered binding on any Agency. This Recommended Standard is issued by, and represents the consensus of, the CCSDS members. Endorsement of this Recommendation is entirely voluntary. Endorsement, however, indicates the following understandings: o Whenever a member establishes a CCSDS-related standard, this standard will be in accord with the relevant Recommended Standard. Establishing such a standard does not preclude other provisions which a member may develop. o Whenever a member establishes a CCSDS-related standard, that member will provide other CCSDS members with the following information: -- The standard itself. -- The anticipated date of initial operational capability. -- The anticipated duration of operational service. o Specific service arrangements shall be made via memoranda of agreement. Neither this Recommended Standard nor any ensuing standard is a substitute for a memorandum of agreement. No later than five years from its date of issuance, this Recommended Standard will be reviewed by the CCSDS to determine whether it should: (1) remain in effect without change; (2) be changed to reflect the impact of new technologies, new requirements, or new directions; or (3) be retired or canceled. In those instances when a new version of a Recommended Standard is issued, existing CCSDS-related member standards and implementations are not negated or deemed to be non-CCSDS compatible. It is the responsibility of each member to determine when such standards or implementations are to be modified. Each member is, however, strongly encouraged to direct planning for its new standards and implementations towards the later version of the Recommended Standard. CCSDS 131.0-B-2 Page ii August 2011

CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR TM SYNCHRONIZATION AND CHANNEL CODING FOREWORD This document is a technical Recommended Standard for use in developing synchronization and channel coding systems and has been prepared by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). The synchronization and channel coding concept described herein is intended for missions that are cross-supported between Agencies of the CCSDS. This Recommended Standard establishes a common framework and provides a common basis for the synchronization and channel coding schemes to be used by space missions with the TM or AOS Space Data Link Protocol (references [1] or [2]) over space-to-ground and space-to- space communications links. This Recommended Standard was developed by consolidating the specifications regarding synchronization and channel coding in older CCSDS Recommended Standards (references [E2] and [E3]). This Recommended Standard does not change the major technical contents defined in references [E2] and [E3], but the presentation of the specification has been changed so that: a) these schemes can be used to transfer any data over any space link in either direction; b) all CCSDS space link protocols are specified in a unified manner; c) the layered model matches the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Basic Reference Model (reference [3]). Together with the change in presentation, a few technical specifications in references [E2] and [E3] have been changed in order to define all Space Data Link Protocols in a unified way. Also, some technical terms in references [E2] and [E3] have been changed in order to unify the terminology used in all the CCSDS Recommended Standards that define space link protocols and to define these schemes as general communications schemes. These changes are listed in annex H of this Recommended Standard. Through the process of normal evolution, it is expected that expansion, deletion, or modification of this document may occur. This Recommended Standard is therefore subject to CCSDS document management and change control procedures, which are defined in the Procedures Manual for the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems. Current versions of CCSDS documents are maintained at the CCSDS Web site: http://www.ccsds.org/ Questions relating to the contents or status of this document should be addressed to the CCSDS Secretariat at the address indicated on page i. CCSDS 131.0-B-2 Page iii August 2011

CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR TM SYNCHRONIZATION AND CHANNEL CODING At time of publication, the active Member and Observer Agencies of the CCSDS were: Member Agencies – Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)/Italy. – Canadian Space Agency (CSA)/Canada. – Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES)/France. – China National Space Administration (CNSA)/People’s Republic of China. – Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)/Germany. – European Space Agency (ESA)/Europe. – Federal Space Agency (FSA)/Russian Federation. – – Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)/Japan. – National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/USA. – UK Space Agency/United Kingdom. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)/Brazil. Observer Agencies – Austrian Space Agency (ASA)/Austria. – Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BFSPO)/Belgium. – Central Research Institute of Machine Building (TsNIIMash)/Russian Federation. – China Satellite Launch and Tracking Control General, Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology (CLTC/BITTT)/China. – Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)/China. – Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST)/China. – Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)/Australia. – CSIR Satellite Applications Centre (CSIR)/Republic of South Africa. – Danish National Space Center (DNSC)/Denmark. – Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial (DCTA)/Brazil. – European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)/Europe. Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)/India. Institute of Space Research (IKI)/Russian Federation. – European Telecommunications Satellite Organization (EUTELSAT)/Europe. – Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA)/Thailand. – Hellenic National Space Committee (HNSC)/Greece. – – – KFKI Research Institute for Particle & Nuclear Physics (KFKI)/Hungary. – Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI)/Korea. – Ministry of Communications (MOC)/Israel. – National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)/Japan. – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/USA. – National Space Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan (NSARK)/Kazakhstan. – National Space Organization (NSPO)/Chinese Taipei. – Naval Center for Space Technology (NCST)/USA. – Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)/Turkey. – Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO)/Pakistan. – Swedish Space Corporation (SSC)/Sweden. – United States Geological Survey (USGS)/USA. CCSDS 131.0-B-2 Page iv August 2011

CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR TM SYNCHRONIZATION AND CHANNEL CODING DOCUMENT CONTROL Document Title Date Status CCSDS 131.0-B-1 CCSDS 131.0-B-2 TM Synchronization and Channel Coding, Issue 1 September 2003 Original issue TM Synchronization and Channel Coding, Recommended Standard, Issue 2 August 2011 Current issue. Changes from the previous issue are summarized below. EC 1 Editorial Change 1 May 2012 Corrects graphics display problem. Changes not compatible with previous issue: – adds LDPC Code. Changes compatible with previous issue: – adds Security, SANA, and Patent Considerations annex; – corrects and updates erroneous and obsolete material; – updates all coding sections for uniformity of presentation; rephrases specifications in CCSDS terse style, using ‘shall’ to specify binding and verifiable requirements; and differentiates non-normative text from normative text (see 1.6.2); – clearly differentiates the terms ‘Codeblock’ and ‘Codeword’, with the term ‘Codeblock’ confined to Reed-Solomon coding (see definitions in annex D). CCSDS 131.0-B-2 Page v August 2011 May 2012

CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR TM SYNCHRONIZATION AND CHANNEL CODING Section Page CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 SCOPE .................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 APPLICABILITY ................................................................................................... 1-1 1.4 RATIONALE .......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.5 DOCUMENT STRUCTURE ................................................................................. 1-2 1.6 CONVENTIONS AND DEFINITIONS................................................................. 1-3 1.7 PATENTED TECHNOLOGIES ............................................................................ 1-5 1.8 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 1-5 2 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 ARCHITECTURE .................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 SUMMARY OF FUNCTIONS .............................................................................. 2-1 INTERNAL ORGANIZATION OF SUBLAYER ................................................. 2-3 2.3 3 CONVOLUTIONAL CODING .................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 3-1 3.3 BASIC CONVOLUTIONAL CODE SPECIFICATION ....................................... 3-2 3.4 PUNCTURED CONVOLUTIONAL CODES ....................................................... 3-4 4 REED-SOLOMON CODING ....................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 4-1 4.3 SPECIFICATION ................................................................................................... 4-1 4.4 DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................... 4-6 5 CONCATENATED CODING ...................................................................................... 5-1 6 TURBO CODING .......................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 6-1 6.3 SPECIFICATION ................................................................................................... 6-1 1 CCSDS 131.0-B-2 Page vi August 2011

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