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2015年12月英语六级真题第2套.doc
2015 年 12 月英语六级真题（第 2 套）
Writing
Part I
Directions:Forthispart, you areallowed30 minutesto write ashort essay based
on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring
usefulinformationinspiteofadvancedinformationtechnology.Youare
required to write at least 150words but no more than 200 words．
(30 minutes)
(30 minutes)
Listening Comprehension
Part II
Section A
Directions :In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long
conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions
willbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestions
will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause.
Duringthepause, youmustreadthefour choicesmarked A),B),C),and
D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.
1. A) She is impatient to learn computer programming.
B) She is unaware her operation system is outdated.
C) She is unable to use the new computer program.
D) She is amazed at the fast change of technology.
2. A) He has long been fed up with traveling.
B) He prefers to stay home for the holiday.
C) He is going out of town for a couple of days.
D) He is annoyed by the heavy traffic downtown.
3. A) The challenges facing East Asia.
B) The location for their new office.
C) Their expansion into the overseas market
D) The living expenses in Tokyo and Singapore.
4. A)A number of cell phones were found after the last show.
B) The woman forgot where she had left her cell phone.
C) The woman was very pleased to find her cell phone.
D) Reserved tickets could be picked up at the ticket counter.
5. A) The building materials will be delivered soon.
B) The project is being held up by bad weather.
C) The construction schedule may not be met.
D) Qualified carpenters are not easy to find.
6. A) She is getting very forgetful these days.
B) She does not hold on to bitter feelings.
C) She resents the way she is treated.
D) She never intends to hurt anyone.
7. A) The man wants to rent a small apartment.
B) The woman has trouble getting a mortgage.
C) The woman is moving to a foreign country.
D) The man is trying to sell the woman a house.
8. A) They are writing a story for the Morning News.
B) They are facing great challenges to get re-elected.
C) They are launching a campaign to attract women voters.
D) They are conducting a survey among the women in town.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A) Touch his heart.
B) Make him cry.
C) Remind him of his life.
D) Make him feel young.
10. A) He is good at singing operas.
B) He enjoys complicated music.
C) He can sing any song if he likes it.
D) He loves country music in particular.
11. A) Go to a bar and drink for hours.
B) Go to an isolated place to sing blues.
C) Go to see a performance in a concert hall.
D) Go to work and wrap himself up in music.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) How he became an announcer.
B) How he writes news stories.
C) How he makes his living.
D) How he does his job.
13. A) They write the first version of news stories.
B) They gather news stories on the spot.
C) They polish incoming news stories.
D) They write comments on major news stories.
14. A) Reading through the news stories in a given period of time.
B) Having little time to read the news before going on the air.
C) Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.
D) Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly.
15. A) It shows where advertisements come in.
B) It gives a signal for him to slow down.
C) It alerts him to something important.
D) It serves as a reminder of sad news.
Section B
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,
youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbe
spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best
answer from the four choices marked A), B),C), and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the
centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) It gives pleasure to both adults and children.
B) It is often carried around by small children.
C) It can be found in many parts of the world.
D) It was invented by an American Indian.
17. A) They were made for earning a living.
B) They were delicate geometric figures.
C) They were small circus figures made of wire.
D) They were collected by a number of museums.
18. A) In art.
B) In geometry.
C) In engineering.
D) In circus performance.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) They offer students a wide variety of courses.
B) They attract students from all over the world.
C) They admit more students than they can handle.
D) They have trouble dealing with overseas students.
20. A) Everyone will benefit from education sooner or later.
B) A good education contributes to the prosperity of a nation.
C) A good education is necessary for one to climb the social ladder.
D) Everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential.
21. A) He likes students with high motivation.
B) He enjoys teaching intelligent students.
C) He tailors his teaching to students’ needs.
D) He treats all his students in a fair manner.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) It is mostly imported from the Middle East.
B) It is a sure indicator of its economic activity.
C) It has a direct impact on the international oil market.
D) It equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day.
23. A) It eventually turns into heat.
B) It is used in a variety of forms.
C) Its use is chiefly responsible for air pollution.
D) Part of it is lost in the process of transmission.
24. A) When it is used in rural areas.
B) When it is environment-friendly.
C) When it operates at near capacity.
D) When it operates at regular times.
25. A) Traffic jams in cities.
B) Inefficient use of energy.
C) Fuel shortage.
D) Global warming.
Section C
Directions: Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassage
isreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.When
thepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswith
theexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethird
time, you should check what you have written.
Graphics are used in textbooks as part of the language of the discipline, as
in math or economics,or as study aids. Authors use graphic aids to26and expand on
concepts taken up in the text because graphics are yet another way of portraying
relationships and27 connections.
Graphics are used extensively in natural sciences and social sciences. Social
scientists work with statistics28 data, and the best way to present these statistics
is often in graphic form. Graphics are included- not merely as a means of making
the information easier for the student to grasp, but as an integral part of the way
social scientists think. Many textbooks,29 those in economics, contain appendixes
that provide specific information on reading and working with graphic material.
Make it a practice to 30 attentively the titles, captions, headings, and other
material connected with graphics. These elements 31 and usually explain what you
are looking at. When you are examining graphics, the 32 questions to ask are (a)What
is this item about? And (b)What key idea is the author 33 ?
One warning: Unless you integrate your reading of graphics with the text, you
may make a wrong assumption. 34 , from a chart indicating that 33 percent of firstborn
children in a research sample did not feel close to their fathers, you might assume
that some dreadful influence was at work on the firstborn children. However, a
careful reading of the text 35 that most of the firstborn children in the sample
were from single-parent homes in which the father was absent.
(40 minutes)
Reading Comprehension
Part III
Section A
Directions: In this section, there isa passagewithten blanks.Youarerequired
toselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninaword
bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before
making yourchoices.Eachchoice inthebank isidentified bya letter.
PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2with
asinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthe
bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday
products,including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased
risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children. The developing brain, the report
says, is particularly 36 to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products
may contain, and the damage they cause can be 37 .
The official policy, however, is still evolving. Health and environmental 38
have long urged U.S. government agencies to 39 the use of some of the 11 chemicals
the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001,
for example, the Environmental Protection Agency 40 the type and amount of lead that
could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care 41 , after concerns were
raised about lead poisoning. The agency is now 42 the toxic effects of some of the
chemicals in the latest report.
But the threshold for regulation is high. Because children’s brain and
behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to
social and genetic factors, it’s tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals
with solid 43 evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Even the Harvard study did
not prove a direct 44 but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of
behavioral issues.
Nonetheless, it’s smart to 45 caution. While it may be impossible to prevent
kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping
kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes
can’t hurt.
A) advocates
B) compact
C) correlation
D) exercise
E) facilities
F) interaction
G) investigating
H) overwhelmed
I) particles
J) permanent
K) restricted
L) simulating
M) statistical
N) tighten
O) vulnerable
Section B
Directions :In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements
attachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneofthe
paragraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.
Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwith
a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2.
The Impossibility of Rapid Energy Transitions
[A] Politicians are fond of promising rapid energy transitions. Whether it is a
transition from imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production
to natural-gas power plants, politicians love to talk big. Unfortunately for them
(and often the taxpayers), our energy systems are a bit like an aircraft carrier:
they are unbelievably expensive, they are built to last for a very long time,they
have a huge amount of inertia (meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving),
and they have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion. No matter how hard you
try, you can’t turn something that large on a dime (10 美分硬币), or even a few
thousand dimes.
[B] In physics, moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding
the dynamics of energy systems: inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance of
objects to efforts to change their state of motion. If you try to push a boulder
(大圆石), it pushes you back. Once you have started the boulder rolling, it develops
momentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity.Momentum is said to be
“conserved”, that is, once you build it up, it has to go somewhere. So a heavy
object, like a football player moving at a high speed, has a lot of momentum-that
is, once he is moving, it is hard to change his state of motion. If you want to change
his course, you have only a few choices: you can stop him, transferring possibly
painfully) some of his kineticenergy (动能) to your own body, or you can approach
alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course.
[C] But there are other kinds of momentum as well. After all, we don’t speak only
of objects or people as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum.
Whether it’s a sports team or a presidential campaign, everybody relishes having
the big momentum, because it makes them harder to stop or change direction.
[D] One kind of momentum is technological momentum. When a technology is deployed,
its impacts reach far beyond itself. Consider the incandescent(白炽灯的) bulb, an
object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates.
The incandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbol
of inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms. Today,
a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices. There are
standard-shaped bulbs, flame-shaped bulbs, colored globe-shaped bulbs, and more.
It is quite easy, with all that choice, to change a light bulb.
[E] But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there. All of those
specialized bulbs led to the building of specialized light fixtures, from the desk
lamp you study by, to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited
from your grandmother, to the ceiling fixture in your closet, to the light in your
oven or refrigerator, and to the light that the dentist points at you. It is easy
to change a light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture.
[F] And there is more to the story, because not only are the devices that house
incandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics, but rooms and entire
buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects
off walls and windows.
[G] As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out, “Generally, there are no bad
light sources, only bad applications.” There are some very commendable
characteristics of the CFL (compact fluorescent (荧光的) light bulb), yet the
selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire(照明装置) that
houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, and lighting
requirements that need to be satisfied. The lamp, the fixture, and the room, all
three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users. If the CFL should
be used for lighting a particular space, or an object within that space, the fixture
must be designed to work with that lamp, and that fixture with the room. It is a
symbiotic(共生的) relationship. A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent
fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed
out, foggy, and dim. The whole fixture must be replaced-light source and
luminaire—and this is never an inexpensive proposition.
[H] And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting, being the man who illuminated
the Statue of Liberty.
[I]Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes in our
energy systems is labor-pool momentum. It is one thing to say that we are going to
shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear power in 20
years. But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let
you carry out this promise. That is because the engineers,designers, regulators,
operators, and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry
are specialists who have to be trained first (or retrained, if they are the ones
being laid off in some related industry), and education, like any other complicated
endeavor, takes time.And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be
trained, they have to be trained in the right sequence. One needs the designers,
and perhaps the regulators, before the builders and operators, and each group of
workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation. In some
cases, colleges and universities might have to change their training programs,adding
another layer of difficulty.
[J] By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing
our energy systems is economic momentum. The major components of our energy systems,
such as fuel production, refining, electrical generation and distribution, are
costly installations that have lengthy life spans. They have to operate for long
periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered. When investors
put up money to build, say, a nuclear power plant, they expect to earn that money
back over the planned life of the plant, which is typically between 40and 60 years.
Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70 years!The
oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States
is on New York’s Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898.
[K] As Vaclav Smil points out, “All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited
above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the
transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy
transitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented
manner.”
[L] When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of
energy, whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power, or a switch from
gasoline-powered cars to electric cars, or even a switchfrom an incandescent to a
fluorescent light, understanding energy system inertia and momentum can help you
decide whether their plans are feasible.
46. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.
47. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of
professionals and skilled labor.
48. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.
49. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn’t succeed as
expected.
50. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.
51. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.
52. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn’t lie in light sources
but in their applications.
53. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is
too expensive to replace.
54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.
55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy
systems.
Section C
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four
choices marked A), B), C),and D). You should decide on the best choice
and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line
through the centre.
Passage One
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