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Edge Computing A Primer.pdf

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    Contents
    1 Introduction
    1.1 What Is Edge Computing
    1.1.1 Why Do We Need Edge Computing
    Push from Cloud Services
    Pull from the Internet of Things
    Change from a Data Consumer to Producer
    1.1.2 Key Techniques that Enable Edge Computing
    VMs and Containers
    Software Defined Networking (SDN)
    Content Delivery/Distribution Network (CDN)
    Cloudlets and Micro Data Centers (MDC)
    1.1.3 Edge Computing Definition
    1.1.4 Edge Computing Benefits
    1.1.5 Edge Computing Systems
    1.2 Overview of the Book
    References
    2 EdgeOSH: A Home Operating System for Internet of Everything
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Related Work
    2.3 EdgeOSH: Overview and Design
    2.3.1 Overview
    2.3.2 Design
    2.4 Summary
    References
    3 Firework: Data Analytics in Hybrid Cloud-Edge Environment
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 System Design
    3.2.1 Terminologies
    3.2.2 Architecture
    3.2.3 Programmability
    3.2.4 Execution Model Comparison
    3.3 Implementation
    3.4 Discussion
    3.5 Summary
    References
    4 Distributed Collaborative Execution on the Edges and Its Application on AMBER Alert
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Motivation
    4.2.1 AMBER Alert
    Limitations of Edge Devices
    Control of the Vehicle Tracking Area
    4.2.2 Distributed Collaborative Execution on the Edge
    4.3 AMBER Alert Assistant
    4.3.1 Application Scenario
    4.3.2 Application Design
    Control Center
    Task Receiver
    Data Processor
    4.3.3 Implementation Details
    4.3.4 Task Scheduling
    Distance-Related Diffusion
    Location-Direction-Related Diffusion
    4.4 Evaluation
    4.4.1 Experimental Setup
    4.4.2 Collaboration of Local Edge Nodes
    4.4.3 Task Scheduling
    4.5 Related Work
    4.6 Summary
    References
    5 Challenges and Opportunities in Edge Computing
    5.1 Programmability
    5.2 Naming
    5.3 Data Abstraction
    5.4 Service Management
    5.5 Privacy and Security
    5.6 Application Distribution
    5.7 Scheduling Strategies
    5.8 Business Model
    5.9 Optimization Metrics
    5.10 Summary
    References
    6 Existing Edge Computing Tools
    6.1 What Is Your Role in Edge Computing?
    6.2 Virtualization
    6.2.1 Virtual Machine and Container
    6.2.2 Network Virtualization
    6.3 Resource Management
    6.3.1 Kubernetes and Docker
    6.4 Developing Platforms for Edge Computing
    6.4.1 Edge Analytics
    6.4.2 Development Tools and Platforms
    6.5 Summary
    References
    7 Conclusions
    SPRINGER BRIEFS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE JieCao QuanZhang WeisongShi Edge Computing: A Primer 1 23
    SpringerBriefs in Computer Science Series editors Stan Zdonik, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Shashi Shekhar, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA Xindong Wu, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA Lakhmi C. Jain, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia David Padua, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA Xuemin Sherman Shen, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Borko Furht, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA V. S. Subrahmanian, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA Martial Hebert, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Katsushi Ikeuchi, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Bruno Siciliano, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy Sushil Jajodia, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA Newton Lee, Institute for Education, Research, and Scholarships in Los Angeles, California
    SpringerBriefs present concise summaries of cutting-edge research and practical applications across a wide spectrum of fields. Featuring compact volumes of 50 to 125 pages, the series covers a range of content from professional to academic. Typical topics might include: A timely report of state-of-the art analytical techniques A bridge between new research results, as published in journal articles, and a contextual literature review A snapshot of a hot or emerging topic An in-depth case study or clinical example A presentation of core concepts that students must understand in order to make independent contributions Briefs allow authors to present their ideas and readers to absorb them with minimal time investment. Briefs will be published as part of Springer’s eBook collection, with millions of users worldwide. In addition, Briefs will be available for individual print and electronic purchase. Briefs are characterized by fast, global electronic dissemination, standard publishing contracts, easy-to-use manuscript preparation and formatting guidelines, and expedited production schedules. We aim for publication 8–12 weeks after acceptance. Both solicited and unsolicited manuscripts are considered for publication in this series. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10028
    Jie Cao Quan Zhang Weisong Shi Edge Computing: A Primer 123
    Jie Cao Wayne State University Detroit, MI, USA Weisong Shi Wayne State University Detroit, MI, USA Quan Zhang Wayne State University Detroit, MI, USA ISSN 2191-5768 SpringerBriefs in Computer Science ISBN 978-3-030-02082-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02083-5 ISSN 2191-5776 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-030-02083-5 (eBook) Library of Congress Control Number: 2018958959 © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
    Contents 1 2.1 2.2 2.3 Introduction ................................................................... 1.1 What Is Edge Computing............................................... 1.1.1 Why Do We Need Edge Computing........................... 1.1.2 Key Techniques that Enable Edge Computing ................ 1.1.3 Edge Computing Definition.................................... 1.1.4 Edge Computing Benefits ...................................... 1.1.5 Edge Computing Systems...................................... 1.2 Overview of the Book .................................................. References ...................................................................... 1 2 2 4 5 5 6 7 8 2 EdgeOSH: A Home Operating System for Internet of Everything ...... 11 Introduction ............................................................. 11 Related Work ........................................................... 12 EdgeOSH: Overview and Design ...................................... 13 2.3.1 Overview........................................................ 15 2.3.2 Design........................................................... 16 2.4 Summary ................................................................ 17 References ...................................................................... 18 3.1 3.2 3 Firework: Data Analytics in Hybrid Cloud-Edge Environment ......... 19 Introduction ............................................................. 19 System Design .......................................................... 20 3.2.1 Terminologies .................................................. 21 3.2.2 Architecture..................................................... 22 3.2.3 Programmability................................................ 25 3.2.4 Execution Model Comparison ................................. 30 3.3 Implementation ......................................................... 30 3.4 Discussion............................................................... 32 3.5 Summary ................................................................ 34 References ...................................................................... 34 v
    vi Contents 4 Distributed Collaborative Execution on the Edges and Its 4.3 Application on AMBER Alert ............................................... 37 4.1 Introduction ............................................................. 38 4.2 Motivation............................................................... 39 4.2.1 AMBER Alert .................................................. 39 4.2.2 Distributed Collaborative Execution on the Edge............. 42 AMBER Alert Assistant ................................................ 42 4.3.1 Application Scenario ........................................... 42 4.3.2 Application Design ............................................. 43 4.3.3 Implementation Details ........................................ 44 4.3.4 Task Scheduling ................................................ 46 Evaluation ............................................................... 49 4.4.1 Experimental Setup............................................. 49 4.4.2 Collaboration of Local Edge Nodes ........................... 50 4.4.3 Task Scheduling ................................................ 53 4.5 Related Work ........................................................... 54 4.6 Summary ................................................................ 56 References ...................................................................... 56 4.4 5 Challenges and Opportunities in Edge Computing ....................... 59 Programmability ........................................................ 59 5.1 Naming .................................................................. 60 5.2 Data Abstraction ........................................................ 61 5.3 Service Management ................................................... 63 5.4 Privacy and Security .................................................... 64 5.5 Application Distribution................................................ 65 5.6 Scheduling Strategies ................................................... 66 5.7 Business Model ......................................................... 67 5.8 5.9 Optimization Metrics ................................................... 67 5.10 Summary ................................................................ 69 References ...................................................................... 70 6.3 6 Existing Edge Computing Tools ............................................. 71 6.1 What Is Your Role in Edge Computing? .............................. 71 Virtualization............................................................ 72 6.2 6.2.1 Virtual Machine and Container ................................ 73 6.2.2 Network Virtualization ......................................... 76 Resource Management ................................................. 78 6.3.1 Kubernetes and Docker ........................................ 79 Developing Platforms for Edge Computing ........................... 81 6.4.1 Edge Analytics ................................................. 81 6.4.2 Development Tools and Platforms ............................. 84 6.5 Summary ................................................................ 86 References ...................................................................... 86 6.4 7 Conclusions ................................................................... 89
    Chapter 1 Introduction The proliferation of the Internet of Things and the success of rich cloud services have pushed the horizon of a new computing paradigm, Edge computing, which calls for processing the data at the edge of the network. Edge computing has the potential to address the concerns of response time requirement, battery life constraint, bandwidth cost saving, as well as the data safety and privacy. In this book, we introduce the definition of Edge computing, followed by several case studies, ranging from cloud offloading to smart home and city, as well as collaborative Edge to materialize the concept of Edge computing. Finally, we present several challenges and opportunities in the field of Edge computing and hope this book will gain attention from the community and inspire more research in this direction. Cloud computing has tremendously changed the way we live, work, and study since its inception around 2005 [1]. For example, Software as a Service (SaaS) instances, such as Google Apps, Twitter, Facebook, and Flickr, have been widely used in our daily life. Moreover, scalable infrastructures, as well as processing engines developed to support cloud service, are also significantly influencing the way of running the business, for instance, Google File System [2], MapReduce [3], Apache Hadoop [4], Apache Spark [5], and so on. Internet of Things (IoT) was first introduced to the community in 1999 for supply chain management [6], and then the concept of “making a computer sense information without the aid of human intervention” was widely adapted to other fields such as healthcare, home, environment, and transports [7, 8]. Now with IoT, we will arrive in the post-Cloud era, where there will be a significant quality of data generated by things that are immersed in our daily life, and many applications will also be deployed at the edge to consume these data. By 2019, data produced by people, machines, and things will reach 500 zettabytes, as estimated by Cisco © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 J. Cao et al., Edge Computing: A Primer, SpringerBriefs in Computer Science, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02083-5_1 1
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