2019 年云南昆明理工大学英语翻译基础考研真题 A 卷 I. Translate the following proper nouns, abbreviations and technical terms into Chinese. (15 scores) 1. BRICS Summit 4. CD-ROM 2. IAEA 5. NATO 3. ASEAN 6. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 7. Jerry-built Projects 8. Excess Land Reclamation 9. Nuclear Proliferation 10. Real-name 11. GATT 12. Ride-hailing Industry Registration Overhaul 13. APEC 14. Taxation Authority 15. Chinese Koi Fish II. Translate the following proper nouns, abbreviations and technical terms into English. (15 scores) 1. 自由贸易区 2. 直播 4. 孔子学院 7. 中小企业 10. 主旨演讲 13. 性价比 5. 尾气排放 8. 中草药 3. 孵化器 6. 贸易壁垒 9. 共享单车 11. 国际空间站 12. 代购 14. 国务院 15. 流动人口 III. Translate the following English into Chinese. (60 scores) Without a steady supply of fresh blood, without the oxygen it carries, the human brain is quickly impaired. In four minutes, brain cells, starved for oxygen, begin to die, and serious brain damage results. In another few minutes, the brain is completely destroyed. This was the crux of a stubborn problem. The heart could not be taken out of action for more than four minutes—very little time to repair a heart defect. Until a solution could be found, operating on the open heart would be impossible. Then two major advances pointed the way to open-heart surgery. One was 

hypothermia, the artificial lowering of the body temperature. Body tissues need far less oxygen when the body is chilled. A “frozen”brain, for example, requires only half as much oxygen as one with a normal body temperature of 98.6 Fahrenheit. This means it can do without fresh blood for longer than four minutes and not suffer damage. In 1950, a Canadian professor, Wilfred G. Bigelow of the University of Toronto made this important discovery, and he immediately saw that hypothermia might give heart surgeons the chance “to operate on a bloodless heart”. With hypothermia, a surgeon could clamp off arteries leading to the heart and stop blood flowing into it. He could open the heart, drain it of excess blood, and operate in a“dry field” for more than five minutes. Two years later Dr. Floyed John Lewis of the University of Minnesota tried open-heart surgery with hypothermia. The day after the operation his five-year-old patient was walking, and she was discharged from the hospital ten days later. The future of heart surgery looked bright. But hypothermia could not be used safely in long and intricate heart surgery. During hypothermia, the heart sometimes lost its regular pumping beat. It fibrillated, or fluttered and trembled uselessly; and this fibrillation could cause death if the beat could not be restored. IV. Translate the following Chinese into English. (60 scores) 气候变化对全球自然生态系统产生显著影响，温度升高、海平面上升、极端气候事件 频发给人类生存和发展带来严峻挑战。 中国是拥有 13 多亿人口的发展中国家，是遭受气候变化不利影响最为严重的国家之 一。中国正处在工业化、城镇化快速发展阶段，面临着发展经济、消除贫困、改善民生、 保护环境、应对气候变化等多重挑战。积极应对气候变化，努力控制温室气体排放，提高 适应气候变化的能力，不仅是中国保障经济安全、能源安全、生态安全、粮食安全以及人 民生命财产安全，实现可持续发展的内在要求，也是深度参与全球治理、打造人类命运共 同体、推动全人类共同发展的责任担当。