HYDRUS 技术手册.pdf

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The HYDRUS Software Package for Simulating the Two- and Three-Dimensional Movement of Water, Heat, and Multiple Solutes in Variably-Saturated Media Technical Manual Version 1.0 J. Šimůnek1, M. Th. van Genuchten2 and M. Šejna3 March 2006 1University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 2George E. Brown, Jr., Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA 3PC Progress, Prague, Czech Republic

DISCLAIMER This report documents version 1.0 of HYDRUS, a software package for simulating water, heat and solute movement in two- and three-dimensional variably saturated media. The software has been verified against a large number of test cases. However, no warranty is given that the program is completely error-free. If you do encounter problems with the code, find errors, or have suggestions for improvement, please contact one of the authors at Tel. 1-951-827-7854 (J. Šimůnek) Tel. 1-951-369-4846 (M. Th. van Genuchten) Tel. +420-222-514-225 (M. Šejna) Fax. 1-951-787-3993 E-mail Jiri.Simunek@ucr.edu rvang@ussl.ars.usda.gov mireks@pc-progress.cz iii

ABSTRACT Šimůnek, J., M. Th. van Genuchten, and M. Šejna, The HYDRUS Software Package for Simulating Two- and Three Dimensional Movement of Water, Heat, and Multiple Solutes in Variably-Saturated Media, Version 1.0, PC Progress, Prague, Czech Republic, 2006. This report documents version 1.0 of HYDRUS, a general software package for simulating water, heat, and solute movement in two- and three- dimensional variably saturated media. The software package consists of the computation computer program, and the interactive graphics-based user interface. The HYDRUS program numerically solves the Richards equation for saturated- unsaturated water flow and the convection-dispersion equation for heat and solute transport. The flow equation incorporates a sink term to account for water uptake by plant roots. The heat transport equation considers transport due to conduction and convection with flowing water. The solute transport equations consider convective-dispersive transport in the liquid phase, as well as diffusion in the gaseous phase. The transport equations also include provisions for nonlinear nonequilibrium reactions between the solid and liquid phases, linear equilibrium reactions between the liquid and gaseous phases, zero-order production, and two first-order degradation reactions: one which is independent of other solutes, and one which provides the coupling between solutes involved in sequential first-order decay reactions. In addition, physical nonequilibrium solute transport can be accounted for by assuming a two-region, dual-porosity type formulation which partitions the liquid phase into mobile and immobile regions. Attachment/detachment theory, including the filtration theory, is included to simulate transport of viruses, colloids, and/or bacteria. The program may be used to analyze water and solute movement in unsaturated, partially saturated, or fully saturated porous media. HYDRUS can handle flow regions delineated by irregular boundaries. The flow region itself may be composed of nonuniform soils having an arbitrary degree of local anisotropy. Flow and transport can occur in the vertical plane, the horizontal plane, a three-dimensional region exhibiting radial symmetry about the vertical axis, or fully three-dimensional domain. The water flow part of the model can deal with prescribed head and flux boundaries, boundaries controlled by atmospheric conditions, free drainage boundary conditions, as well as a simplified representation of nodal drains using results of electric analog experiments. The two-dimensional part of this program also includes a Marquardt-Levenberg type parameter optimization algorithm for inverse estimation of soil hydraulic and/or solute transport and reaction parameters from measured transient or steady- state flow and/or transport data for two dimensional problems. v

The governing flow and transport equations are solved numerically using Galerkin-type linear finite element schemes. Depending upon the size of the problem, the matrix equations resulting from discretization of the governing equations are solved using either Gaussian elimination for banded matrices, or a conjugate gradient method for symmetric matrices and the ORTHOMIN method for asymmetric matrices. The program is distributed by means of several different options (Levels). Levels 2D-Light and 2D-Standard are for the programs and the graphical interface for two-dimensional problems with either a structured mesh generator for relatively simple flow domain geometries or a CAD program for more general domain geometries, and the MESHGEN2D mesh generator for an unstructured finite element mesh specifically designed for variably-saturated subsurface flow transport problems, respectively. Levels 3D-Light and 3D-Standard include the two dimensional version and additionally the three dimensional versions for simple hexagonal or more general layered geometries, respectively. This report serves as both a technical manual and reference document. Detailed instructions are given for data input preparation. The graphical user interface (GUI) of the Hydrus software package is documented in a separate user manual (Šimůnek et al., 2006). vi

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