2020年营商环境报告.pdf

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Front Cover

Contents

Foreword

Acknowledgments

Overview Tackling burdensome regulation

Chapter 1 About Doing Business

Chapter 2 The effects of business regulation

Chapter 3 Removing obstacles to entrepreneurship

Chapter 4 Employing workers

Chapter 5 Contracting with the government

Chapter 6 Ease of doing business score and ease of doing business ranking

Chapter 7 Summaries of Doing Business reforms in 2018/19

Chapter 8 References

Doing Business 2020 Comparing Business Regulation in 190 Economies

© 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 22 21 20 19 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2020. Doing Business 2020. Washington, DC: World Bank. DOI:10.1596/978-1-4648-1440-2. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third- party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. ISBN (paper): 978-1-4648-1440-2 ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-1441-9 DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1440-2 Cover design: Bill Pragluski, Critical Stages Library of Congress Control Number: 2019951789

Resources on the Doing Business website Current features News on the Doing Business project http://www.doingbusiness.org Historical data Customized data sets since DB2004 http://www.doingbusiness.org/custom-query Law library Online collection of business laws and regulations relating to business http://www.doingbusiness.org/law-library Contributors More than 15,000 specialists in 190 economies who participate in Doing Business http://www.doingbusiness.org/contributors /doing-business Entrepreneurship data Data on new business density (number of newly registered companies per 1,000 working-age people) for 156 economies http://www.doingbusiness.org/data /exploretopics/entrepreneurship Ease of doing business score Data benchmarking 190 economies to the best regulatory practice and an ease of doing business score calculator https://www.doingbusiness.org/data /doing-business-score Rankings How economies rank—from 1 to 190 http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings Data All the data for 190 economies—topic rankings, indicator values, lists of regulatory procedures and details underlying indicators http://www.doingbusiness.org/data Studies Access to previous editions of Doing Business as well as subnational and regional studies, case studies and customized economy and regional profiles http://www.doingbusiness.org/reports Methodology The methodologies and research papers underlying Doing Business http://www.doingbusiness.org/methodology Research Abstracts of papers on Doing Business topics and related policy issues http://www.doingbusiness.org/research Doing Business reforms Short summaries of DB2020 business regulation reforms and lists of reforms since DB2006 http://www.doingbusiness.org/reforms iii

Contents vii Foreword ix Acknowledgments 1 Overview Tackling burdensome regulation 17 Chapter 1 About Doing Business 29 Chapter 2 The effects of business regulation 41 Chapter 3 Removing obstacles to entrepreneurship 57 Chapter 4 Employing workers 67 Chapter 5 Contracting with the government 77 Chapter 6 Ease of doing business score and ease of doing business ranking 87 Chapter 7 Summaries of Doing Business reforms in 2018/19 129 Chapter 8 References Doing Business 2020 is the 17th in a series of annual studies investigating the regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain it. Doing Business presents quantitative indicators on business regulations and the protection of property rights that can be compared across 190 economies— from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe—and over time. Regulations affecting 12 areas of the life of a business are covered: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, employing workers, and contracting with the government. The employing workers and contracting with the government indicator sets are not included in this year’s ranking on the ease of doing business. Data in Doing Business 2020 are current as of May 1, 2019. The indicators are used to analyze economic outcomes and identify what reforms of business regulation have worked, where and why. v

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