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The.Go.Programming.Language.pdf

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    Table of Contents
    Contents
    Preface
    The Origins of Go
    The Go Project
    Organization of the Book
    Where to Find More Information
    Acknowledgments
    1. Tutorial
    1.1. Hello, World
    1.2. Command-Line Arguments
    1.3. Finding Duplicate Lines
    1.4. Animated GIFs
    1.5. Fetching a URL
    1.6. Fetching URLs Concurrently
    1.7. A Web Server
    1.8. Loose Ends
    2. Program Structure
    2.1. Names
    2.2. Declarations
    2.3. Variables
    2.4. Assignments
    2.5. Type Declarations
    2.6. Packages and Files
    2.7. Scope
    3. Basic Data Types
    3.1. Integers
    3.2. Floating-Point Numbers
    3.3. Complex Numbers
    3.4. Booleans
    3.5. Strings
    3.6. Constants
    4. Composite Types
    4.1. Arrays
    4.2. Slices
    4.3. Maps
    4.4. Structs
    4.5. JSON
    4.6. Text and HTML Templates
    5. Functions
    5.1. Function Declarations
    5.2. Recursion
    5.3. Multiple Return Values
    5.4. Errors
    5.5. Function Values
    5.6. Anonymous Functions
    5.7. Variadic Functions
    5.8. Deferred Function Calls
    5.9. Panic
    5.10. Recover
    6. Methods
    6.1. Method Declarations
    6.2. Methods with a Pointer Receiver
    6.3. Composing Types by Struct Embedding
    6.4. Method Values and Expressions
    6.5. Example: Bit Vector Type
    6.6. Encapsulation
    7. Interfaces
    7.1. Interfaces as Contracts
    7.2. Interface Types
    7.3. Interface Satisfaction
    7.4. Parsing Flags with flag.Value
    7.5. Interface Values
    7.6. Sorting with sort.Interface
    7.7. The http.Handler Interface
    7.8. The error Interface
    7.9. Example: Expression Evaluator
    7.10. Type Assertions
    7.11. Discriminating Errors with Type Assertions
    7.12. Querying Behaviors with Interface Type Assertions
    7.13. Type Switches
    7.14. Example: Token-Based XML Decoding
    7.15. A Few Words of Advice
    8. Goroutines and Channels
    8.1. Goroutines
    8.2. Example: Concurrent Clock Server
    8.3. Example: Concurrent Echo Server
    8.4. Channels
    8.5. Looping in Parallel
    8.6. Example: Concurrent Web Crawler
    8.7. Multiplexing with select
    8.8. Example: Concurrent Directory Traversal
    8.9. Cancellation
    8.10. Example: Chat Server
    9. Concurrency with Shared Variables
    9.1. Race Conditions
    9.2. Mutual Exclusion: sync.Mutex
    9.3. Read/Write Mutexes: sync.RWMutex
    9.4. Memory Synchronization
    9.5. Lazy Initialization: sync.Once
    9.6. The Race Detector
    9.7. Example: Concurrent Non-Blocking Cache
    9.8. Goroutines and Threads
    10. Packages and the Go Tool
    10.1. Inroduction
    10.2. Import Paths
    10.3. The Package Declaration
    10.4. Import Declarations
    10.5. Blank Imports
    10.6. Packages and Naming
    10.7. The Go Tool
    11. Testing
    11.1. The go test Tool
    11.2. Test Functions
    11.3. Coverage
    11.4. Benchmark Functions
    11.5. Profiling
    11.6. Example Functions
    12. Reflection
    12.1. Why Reflections ?
    12.2. reflect.Type and reflect.Value
    12.3. Display, a Recursive Value Printer
    12.4. Example: Encoding S-Expressions
    12.5. Setting Variables with reflect.Value
    12.6. Example: Decoding S-Expressions
    12.7. Accessing Struct Field Tags
    12.8. Displaying the Methods of a Type
    12.9. A Word of Caution
    13. Low-Level Programming
    13.1. unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof, and Offsetof
    13.2. unsafe.Pointer
    13.3. Example: Deep Equivalence
    13.4. Calling C Code with cgo
    13.5. Another Word of Caution
    Index
    From the Library of YIGUANG HU
    The Go Programming Language
    This page intentionally left blank From the Library of YIGUANG HU
    The Go Programming Language Alan A. A. Donovan Google Inc. Brian W. Kernighan Princeton University New York • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City From the Library of YIGUANG HU
    Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Th e authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special sales opportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content particular to your business, train- ing goals, marketing focus, or branding interests), please contact our corporate sales department at corpsales@pearsoned.com or (800) 382-3419. For government sales inquiries, please contact governmentsales@pearsoned.com. For questions about sales outside the United States, please contact international@pearsoned.com. Visit us on the Web: informit.com/aw Library of Congress Control Number: 2015950709 Copyright © 2016 Alan A. A. Donovan & Brian W. Kernighan All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Th is publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, 200 Old Tappan Road, Old Tappan, New Jersey 07675, or you may fax your request to (201) 236-3290. Front cover: Millau Viaduct, Tarn valley, southern France. A paragon of simplicity in modern engi- neering design, the viaduct replaced a convoluted path from capital to coast with a direct route over the clouds. © Jean-Pierre Lescourret/Corbis. Back cover: the original Go gopher. © 2009 Renée French. Used under Creative Commons Attribu- tions 3.0 license. Typeset by the authors in Minion Pro, Lato, and Consolas, using Go, groff , ghostscript, and a host of other open-source Unix tools. Figures were created in Google Drawings. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-419044-0 ISBN-10: 0-13-419044-0 Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at RR Donnelley in Crawfordsville, Indiana. First printing, October 2015 From the Library of YIGUANG HU
    Fo r Leil a an d Me g From the Library of YIGUANG HU
    This page intentionally left blank From the Library of YIGUANG HU
    Pr eface The Origins of Go The Go Pro jec t Organizat ion of the Book Wh ere to Find More Infor mat ion Ac knowledgments 1. Tutorial 1.1. Hel lo, Wor ld 1.2. Command-L ine Arguments 1.3. Finding Dup lic ate Lines 1.4. Animated GIFs 1.5. Fetching a URL 1.6. Fetching URLs Con cur rently 1.7. A We b Server 1.8. Loose End s 2. Pro gram Str ucture 2.1. Names 2.2. Declarat ions 2.3. Var iables 2.4. Assig nments 2.5. Typ e Decl arat ions 2.6. Packages and Files 2.7. Scope Cont ents xi xii xiii xv xvi xvii 1 1 4 8 13 15 17 19 23 27 27 28 30 36 39 41 45 vii From the Library of YIGUANG HU
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