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2003 吉林考研英语一真题及答案 Section II Directions: Use of English Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious ___21___ to how they can best ___22___ such changes. Growing bodies need movement and ___23___, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. ___24___ they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the ___25___ that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are ___26___ by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be ___27___ to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, ___28___, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, ___29___ student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide ___30___ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful ___31___ dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the ___32___ of some kind of organization with a supportive adult ___33___ visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have ___34___ attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized ___35___ participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to ___36___ else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants ___37___. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. ___38___, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by ___39___ for roles that are within their ___40___ and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules. 21. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice 22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate

[C] stimulate [D] enhance 23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure 24. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because 25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance 26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed 27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise

28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense 29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging 30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple 31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation 32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security 33. [A] particularly [B] barely

[C] definitely [D] rarely 34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short 35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if 36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something 37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone 38. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D] On the other hand

39. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking 40. [A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency [D] efficiency Section III Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points) Text 1 Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage -- spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well. The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’ s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to

corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com. Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its s uccess. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice. 41. The emergence of the Net has ________________________. [A] received support from fans like Donovan [B] remolded the intelligence services [C] restored many common pastimes [D] revived spying as a profession 42. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to ________________________. [A] introduce the topic of online spying [B] show how he fought for the U.S. [C] give an episode of the information war [D] honor his unique services to the CIA The phrase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably 43. means ________________________. [A] causing the biggest trouble

[B] exerting the greatest effort [C] achieving the greatest success [D] enjoying the widest popularity 44. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that ________________________. [A] Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true [B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information [C] Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability [D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information 45. Straitford is most proud of its ________________________. [A] official status [B] nonconformist image [C] efficient staff [D] military background Text 2 To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.

Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way -- in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’ s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. The 46. ________________________. author begins his article with Edmund Burke ’ s words to [A] call on scientists to take some actions [B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights [C] warn of the doom of biomedical research [D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is 47. ________________________. [A] cruel but natural [B] inhuman and unacceptable [C] inevitable but vicious [D] pointless and wasteful The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public ’ s 48. ________________________.

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