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Introduction to Java Programming (brief - 10th edition) .pdf

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    Cover
    Title
    Copyright
    Brief Contents
    Contents
    Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, Programs,and Java
    1.1 Introduction
    1.2 What Is a Computer?
    1.3 Programming Languages
    1.4 Operating Systems
    1.5 Java, the World Wide Web, and Beyond
    1.6 The Java Language Specification, API, JDK, and IDE
    1.7 A Simple Java Program
    1.8 Creating, Compiling, and Executing a Java Program
    1.9 Programming Style and Documentation
    1.10 Programming Errors
    1.11 Developing Java Programs Using NetBeans
    1.12 Developing Java Programs Using Eclipse
    Chapter 2 Elementary Programming
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Writing a Simple Program
    2.3 Reading Input from the Console
    2.4 Identifiers
    2.5 Variables
    2.6 Assignment Statements and Assignment Expressions
    2.7 Named Constants
    2.8 Naming Conventions
    2.9 Numeric Data Types and Operations
    2.10 Numeric Literals
    2.11 Evaluating Expressions and Operator Precedence
    2.12 Case Study: Displaying the Current Time
    2.13 Augmented Assignment Operators
    2.14 Increment and Decrement Operators
    2.15 Numeric Type Conversions
    2.16 Software Development Process
    2.17 Case Study: Counting Monetary Units
    2.18 Common Errors and Pitfalls
    Chapter 3 Selections
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 boolean Data Type
    3.3 if Statements
    3.4 Two-Way if-else Statements
    3.5 Nested if and Multi-Way if-else Statements
    3.6 Common Errors and Pitfalls
    3.7 Generating Random Numbers
    3.8 Case Study: Computing Body Mass Index
    3.9 Case Study: Computing Taxes
    3.10 Logical Operators
    3.11 Case Study: Determining Leap Year
    3.12 Case Study: Lottery
    3.13 switch Statements
    3.14 Conditional Expressions
    3.15 Operator Precedence and Associativity
    3.16 Debugging
    Chapter 4 Mathematical Functions, Characters,and Strings
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Common Mathematical Functions
    4.3 Character Data Type and Operations
    4.4 The String Type
    4.5 Case Studies
    4.6 Formatting Console Output
    Chapter 5 Loops
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 The while Loop
    5.3 The do-while Loop
    5.4 The for Loop
    5.5 Which Loop to Use?
    5.6 Nested Loops
    5.7 Minimizing Numeric Errors
    5.8 Case Studies
    5.9 Keywords break and continue
    5.10 Case Study: Checking Palindromes
    5.11 Case Study: Displaying Prime Numbers
    Chapter 6 Methods
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Defining a Method
    6.3 Calling a Method
    6.4 void Method Example
    6.5 Passing Arguments by Values
    6.6 Modularizing Code
    6.7 Case Study: Converting Hexadecimals to Decimals
    6.8 Overloading Methods
    6.9 The Scope of Variables
    6.10 Case Study: Generating Random Characters
    6.11 Method Abstraction and Stepwise Refinement
    Chapter 7 Single-Dimensional Arrays
    7.1 Introduction
    7.2 Array Basics
    7.3 Case Study: Analyzing Numbers
    7.4 Case Study: Deck of Cards
    7.5 Copying Arrays
    7.6 Passing Arrays to Methods
    7.7 Returning an Array from a Method
    7.8 Case Study: Counting the Occurrences of Each Letter
    7.9 Variable-Length Argument Lists
    7.10 Searching Arrays
    7.11 Sorting Arrays
    7.12 The Arrays Class
    7.13 Command-Line Arguments
    Chapter 8 Multidimensional Arrays
    8.1 Introduction
    8.2 Two-Dimensional Array Basics
    8.3 Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays
    8.4 Passing Two-Dimensional Arrays to Methods
    8.5 Case Study: Grading a Multiple-Choice Test
    8.6 Case Study: Finding the Closest Pair
    8.7 Case Study: Sudoku
    8.8 Multidimensional Arrays
    Chapter 9 Objects and Classes
    9.1 Introduction
    9.2 Defining Classes for Objects
    9.3 Example: Defining Classes and Creating Objects
    9.4 Constructing Objects Using Constructors
    9.5 Accessing Objects via Reference Variables
    9.6 Using Classes from the Java Library
    9.7 Static Variables, Constants, and Methods
    9.8 Visibility Modifiers
    9.9 Data Field Encapsulation
    9.10 Passing Objects to Methods
    9.11 Array of Objects
    9.12 Immutable Objects and Classes
    9.13 The Scope of Variables
    9.14 The this Reference
    Chapter 10 Object-Oriented Thinking
    10.1 Introduction
    10.2 Class Abstraction and Encapsulation
    10.3 Thinking in Objects
    10.4 Class Relationships
    10.5 Case Study: Designing the Course Class
    10.6 Case Study: Designing a Class for Stacks
    10.7 Processing Primitive Data Type Values as Objects
    10.8 Automatic Conversion between Primitive Types and Wrapper Class Types
    10.9 The BigInteger and BigDecimal Classes
    10.10 The String Class
    10.11 The StringBuilder and StringBuffer Classes
    Chapter 11 Inheritance and Polymorphism
    11.1 Introduction
    11.2 Superclasses and Subclasses
    11.3 Using the super Keyword
    11.4 Overriding Methods
    11.5 Overriding vs. Overloading
    11.6 The Object Class and Its toString() Method
    11.7 Polymorphism
    11.8 Dynamic Binding
    11.9 Casting Objects and the instanceof Operator
    11.10 The Object’s equals Method
    11.11 The ArrayList Class
    11.12 Useful Methods for Lists
    11.13 Case Study: A Custom Stack Class
    11.14 The protected Data and Methods
    11.15 Preventing Extending and Overriding
    Chapter 12 Exception Handling and Text I/O
    12.1 Introduction
    12.2 Exception-Handling Overview
    12.3 Exception Types
    12.4 More on Exception Handling
    12.5 The finally Clause
    12.6 When to Use Exceptions
    12.7 Rethrowing Exceptions
    12.8 Chained Exceptions
    12.9 Defining Custom Exception Classes
    12.10 The File Class
    12.11 File Input and Output
    12.12 Reading Data from the Web
    12.13 Case Study: Web Crawler
    Chapter 13 Abstract Classes and Interfaces
    13.1 Introduction
    13.2 Abstract Classes
    13.3 Case Study: the Abstract Number Class
    13.4 Case Study: Calendar and GregorianCalendar
    13.5 Interfaces
    13.6 The Comparable Interface
    13.7 The Cloneable Interface
    13.8 Interfaces vs. Abstract Classes
    13.9 Case Study: The Rational Class
    13.10 Class Design Guidelines
    Chapter 14 JavaFX Basics
    14.1 Introduction
    14.2 JavaFX vs Swing and AWT
    14.3 The Basic Structure of a JavaFX Program
    14.4 Panes, UI Controls, and Shapes
    14.5 Property Binding
    14.6 Common Properties and Methods for Nodes
    14.7 The Color Class
    14.8 The Font Class
    14.9 The Image and ImageView Classes
    14.10 Layout Panes
    14.11 Shapes
    14.12 Case Study: The ClockPane Class
    Chapter 15 Event-Driven Programming and Animations
    15.1 Introduction
    15.2 Events and Event Sources
    15.3 Registering Handlers and Handling Events
    15.4 Inner Classes
    15.5 Anonymous Inner Class Handlers
    15.6 Simplifying Event Handling Using Lambda Expressions
    15.7 Case Study: Loan Calculator
    15.8 Mouse Events
    15.9 Key Events
    15.10 Listeners for Observable Objects
    15.11 Animation
    15.12 Case Study: Bouncing Ball
    Chapter 16 JavaFX UI Controls and Multimedia
    16.1 Introduction
    16.2 Labeled and Label
    16.3 Button
    16.4 CheckBox
    16.5 RadioButton
    16.6 TextField
    16.7 TextArea
    16.8 ComboBox
    16.9 ListView
    16.10 ScrollBar
    16.11 Slider
    16.12 Case Study: Developing a Tic-Tac-Toe Game
    16.13 Video and Audio
    16.14 Case Study: National Flags and Anthems
    Chapter 17 Binary I/O
    17.1 Introduction
    17.2 How Is Text I/O Handled in Java?
    17.3 Text I/O vs. Binary I/O
    17.4 Binary I/O Classes
    17.5 Case Study: Copying Files
    17.6 Object I/O
    17.7 Random-Access Files
    Chapter 18 Recursion
    18.1 Introduction
    18.2 Case Study: Computing Factorials
    18.3 Case Study: Computing Fibonacci Numbers
    18.4 Problem Solving Using Recursion
    18.5 Recursive Helper Methods
    18.6 Case Study: Finding the Directory Size
    18.7 Case Study: Tower of Hanoi
    18.8 Case Study: Fractals
    18.9 Recursion vs. Iteration
    18.10 Tail Recursion
    Appendix A Java Keywords
    Appendix B The ASCII Character Set
    Appendix C Operator Precedence Chart
    Appendix D Java Modifiers
    Appendix E Special Floating-Point Values
    Appendix F Number Systems
    Appendix G Bitwise Operations
    Appendix H Regular Expressions
    Appendix I Enumerated Types
    Index
    Symbols
    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    F
    G
    H
    I
    J
    K
    L
    M
    N
    O
    P
    Q
    R
    S
    T
    U
    V
    W
    ONLINE ACCESS Thank you for purchasing a new copy of Introduction to Java Programming, Brief Version, Tenth Edition. Your textbook includes six months of prepaid access to the book’s Companion Website. Your textbook includes six months of prepaid access to the book’s Companion Website. This prepaid subscription provides you with full access to the following student support areas: • Video Notes are step-by-step video tutorials specifically designed to enhance the programming concepts presented in this textbook Use a coin to scratch off the coating and reveal your student access code. Do not use a knife or other sharp object as it may damage the code. To access the Introduction to Java Programming, Brief Version, Tenth Edition, Companion Website for the first time, you will need to register online using a computer with an Internet connection and a web browser. The process takes just a couple of minutes and only needs to be completed once. 1. Go to www.pearsonglobaleditions.com/Liang 2. Click on Companion Website. 3. Click on the Register button. 4. On the registration page, enter your student access code* found beneath the scratch-off panel. Do not type the dashes. You can use lower - or uppercase. 5. Follow the on-screen instructions. If you need help at any time during the online registration process, simply click the Need Help? icon. 6. Once your personal Login Name and Password are confirmed, you can begin using the Introduction to Introduction to Java Programming, Brief Version Companion Website! To log in after you have registered: You only need to register for this Companion Website once. After that, you can log in any time at www.pearsonglobaleditions.com/Liang by providing your Login Name and Password when prompted. *Important: The access code can only be used once. This subscription is valid for six months upon activation and is not transferable. If this access code has already been revealed, it may no longer be valid. If this is the case, you can purchase a subscription by going to www.pearsonglobaleditions.com/Liang and following the on-screen instructions.
    IntroductIon to Java ® ProgrammIng BrIef versIon Tenth Edition Global Edition Y. daniel Liang Armstrong Atlantic State University Global Edition contributions by ming-Jyh tsai Fu Jen Catholic University Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo A01_LIAN8564_10_GE_FM.indd 1 05/09/14 10:16 am
    To Samantha, Michael, and Michelle Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia Horton Head of Learning Assets Acquisition, Global Editions: Laura Dent Executive Editor: Tracy Johnson (Dunkelberger) Editorial Assistant: Jenah Blitz-Stoehr Project Director, Global Editions: Shona Mullen Assistant Project Editor, Global Editions: Paromita Banerjee Director of Marketing: Christy Lesko Marketing Manager: Yez Alayan Marketing Assistant: Jon Bryant Director of Program Management: Erin Gregg Senior Manufacturing Controller, Global Editions: Trudy Kimber Program Management-Team Lead: Scott Disanno Program Manager: Carole Snyder Project Management-Team Lead: Laura Burgess Project Manager: Robert Engelhardt Procurement Specialist: Linda Sager Cover Designer: Lumina Datamatics Ltd Permissions Supervisor: Michael Joyce Permissions Administrator: Jenell Forschler Director, Image Asset Services: Annie Atherton Manager, Visual Research: Karen Sanatar Cover Art: © Ints Vikmanis/Shutterstock Media Project Manager: Renata Butera Media Producer, Global Editions: Pallavi Pandit Full-Service Project Management: Laserwords Private Ltd. Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Microsoft® and Windows® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries. Screen shots and icons reprinted with permission from the Microsoft Corporation. This book is not sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the Microsoft Corporation. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsonglobaleditions.com © Pearson Education Limited 2015 The rights of Y. Daniel Liang to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled to Introduction to Java Programming, Brief Version, 10th Edition, ISBN 978-0-13-359220-7 by Y. Daniel Liang, published by Pearson Education © 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a license permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. ISBN 10: 1-292-07856-1 ISBN 13: 978-1-292-07856-4 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 15 14 13 12 11 Typeset in 10/12 Times LT Std by Laserwords Private Ltd Printed and bound by Courier Kendallville in United States of America A01_LIAN8564_10_GE_FM.indd 2 05/09/14 10:16 am
    Preface Dear Reader, Many of you have provided feedback on earlier editions of this book, and your comments and suggestions have greatly improved the book. This edition has been substantially enhanced in presentation, organization, examples, exercises, and supplements. The new edition: n Replaces Swing with JavaFX. JavaFX is a new framework for developing Java GUI pro- what is new? grams. JavaFX greatly simplifies GUI programming and is easier to learn than Swing. n Introduces exception handling, abstract classes, and interfaces before GUI programming to enable the GUI chapters to be skipped completely if the instructor chooses not to cover GUI. n Covers introductions to objects and strings earlier in Chapter 4 to enable students to use objects and strings to develop interesting programs early. n Includes many new interesting examples and exercises to stimulate student interests. More than 100 additional programming exercises are provided to instructors only on the Com- panion Website. Please visit www.pearsonglobaleditions.com/Liang for a complete list of new features as well as correlations to the previous edition. The book is fundamentals first by introducing basic programming concepts and techniques before designing custom classes. The fundamental concepts and techniques of selection statements, loops, methods, and arrays are the foundation for programming. Building this strong foundation prepares students to learn object-oriented programming and advanced Java programming. This book teaches programming in a problem-driven way that focuses on problem solving rather than syntax. We make introductory programming interesting by using thought-provok- ing problems in a broad context. The central thread of early chapters is on problem solving. Appropriate syntax and library are introduced to enable readers to write programs for solving the problems. To support the teaching of programming in a problem-driven way, the book provides a wide variety of problems at various levels of difficulty to motivate students. To appeal to students in all majors, the problems cover many application areas, including math, science, business, financial, gaming, animation, and multimedia. The book is widely used in the introductory programming courses in the universities around the world. The book is a brief version of Introduction to Java Programming, Comprehensive Version, Tenth Edition, Global Edition. This version is designed for an introductory pro- gramming course, commonly known as CS1. It contains the first eighteen chapters in the comprehensive version and covers fundamentals of programming, object-oriented program- ming, GUI programming, exception handling, I/O, and recursion. The comprehensive ver- sion has additional twenty-four chapters that cover data structures, algorithms, concurrency, parallel programming, networking, internationalization, advanced GUI, database, and Web programming. The first thirteen chapters of this book are appropriate for preparing the AP Computer Science exam. The best way to teach programming is by example, and the only way to learn program- ming is by doing. Basic concepts are explained by example and a large number of exercises with various levels of difficulty are provided for students to practice. For our programming courses, we assign programming exercises after each lecture. fundamentals-first problem-driven brief version comprehensive version AP Computer Science examples and exercises 3 A01_LIAN8564_10_GE_FM.indd 3 05/09/14 10:16 am
    4 Preface Our goal is to produce a text that teaches problem solving and programming in a broad context using a wide variety of interesting examples. If you have any comments on and sug- gestions for improving the book, please email me. Sincerely, Y. Daniel Liang y.daniel.liang@gmail.com www.cs.armstrong.edu/liang www.pearsonglobaleditions.com/Liang ACM/IEEE Curricular 2013 and ABET Course Assessment The new ACM/IEEE Computer Science Curricular 2013 defines the Body of Knowledge organ- ized into 18 Knowledge Areas. To help instructors design the courses based on this book, we provide sample syllabi to identify the Knowledge Areas and Knowledge Units. The sample syl- labi are for a three semester course sequence and serve as an example for institutional customi- zation. The sample syllabi are available to instructors at www.pearsonglobaleditions.com/Liang. Many of our users are from the ABET-accredited programs. A key component of the ABET accreditation is to identify the weakness through continuous course assessment against the course outcomes. We provide sample course outcomes for the courses and sample exams for measuring course outcomes on the instructor Website accessible from www.pearsonglobaleditions.com/Liang. What’s New in This Edition? This edition is completely revised in every detail to enhance clarity, presentation, content, examples, and exercises. The major improvements are as follows: n Updated to Java 8. n Since Swing is replaced by JavaFX, all GUI examples and exercises are revised using JavaFX. n Lambda expressions are used to simplify coding in JavaFX and threads. n More than 100 additional programming exercises with solutions are provided to the instructor on the Companion Website. These exercises are not printed in the text. n Math methods are introduced earlier in Chapter 4 to enable students to write code using math functions. n Strings are introduced earlier in Chapter 4 to enable students to use objects and strings to develop interesting programs early. n The GUI chapters are moved to after abstract classes and interfaces so that these chapters can be easily skipped if the instructor chooses not to cover GUI. n Chapters 4, 14, 15, and 16 are brand new chapters. A01_LIAN8564_10_GE_FM.indd 4 05/09/14 10:16 am
    Preface 5 Pedagogical Features The book uses the following elements to help students get the most from the material: n The Objectives at the beginning of each chapter list what students should learn from the chapter. This will help them determine whether they have met the objectives after complet- ing the chapter. n The Introduction opens the discussion with representative problems to give the reader an overview of what to expect from the chapter. n Key Points highlight the important concepts covered in each section. n Check Points provide review questions to help students track their progress as they read through the chapter and evaluate their learning. n Problems and Case Studies, carefully chosen and presented in an easy-to-follow style, teach problem solving and programming concepts. The book uses many small, simple, and stimulating examples to demonstrate important ideas. n The Chapter Summary reviews the important subjects that students should understand and remember. It helps them reinforce the key concepts they have learned in the chapter. n Quizzes are accessible online, grouped by sections, for students to do self-test on pro- gramming concepts and techniques. n Programming Exercises are grouped by sections to provide students with opportunities to apply the new skills they have learned on their own. The level of difficulty is rated as easy (no asterisk), moderate (*), hard (**), or challenging (***). The trick of learning pro- gramming is practice, practice, and practice. To that end, the book provides a great many exercises. Additionally, more than 100 programming exercises with solutions are provided to the instructors on the Companion Website. These exercises are not printed in the text. n Notes, Tips, Cautions, and Design Guides are inserted throughout the text to offer valu- able advice and insight on important aspects of program development. Note Provides additional information on the subject and reinforces important concepts. Tip Teaches good programming style and practice. Caution Helps students steer away from the pitfalls of programming errors. Design Guide Provides guidelines for designing programs. Flexible Chapter Orderings The book is designed to provide flexible chapter orderings to enable GUI, exception handling, and recursion to be covered earlier or later. The diagram on the next page shows the chapter dependencies. A01_LIAN8564_10_GE_FM.indd 5 05/09/14 10:16 am
    Part II: Object-Oriented Programming Part III: GUI Programming Chapter 9 Objects and Classes Chapter 14 JavaFX Basics Chapter 15 Event-Driven Programming and Animations Chapter 16 JavaFX Controls and Multimedia Chapter 10 Thinking in Objects Chapter 11 Inheritance and Polymorphism Chapter 12 Exception Handling and Text I/O Chapter 13 Abstract Classes and Interfaces Chapter 17 Binary I/O 6 Preface Part I: Fundamentals of Programming Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java Chapter 2 Elementary Programming Chapter 3 Selections Chapter 4 Mathematical Functions, Characters, and Strings Chapter 5 Loops Chapter 6 Methods Chapter 7 Single-Dimensional Arrays Chapter 8 Multidimensional Arrays Chapter 18 Recursion Organization of the Book The chapters in this brief version can be grouped into three parts that, taken together, form a solid introduction to Java programming. Because knowledge is cumulative, the early chapters provide the conceptual basis for understanding programming and guide students through simple examples and exercises; subsequent chapters progressively present Java program- ming in detail, culminating with the development of comprehensive Java applications. The appendixes contain a mixed bag of topics, including an introduction to number systems, bitwise operations, regular expressions, and enumerated types. Part I: Fundamentals of Programming (Chapters 1–8, 18) The first part of the book is a stepping stone, preparing you to embark on the journey of learning Java. You will begin to learn about Java (Chapter 1) and fundamental programming techniques with primitive data types, variables, constants, assignments, expressions, and operators ( Chapter 2), selection statements (Chapter 3), mathematical functions, characters, and strings (Chapter 4), loops (Chapter 5), methods (Chapter 6), and arrays (Chapters 7–8). After Chapter 7, you can jump to Chapter 18 to learn how to write recursive methods for solving inherently recursive problems. Part II: Object-Oriented Programming (Chapters 9–13, and 17) This part introduces object-oriented programming. Java is an object-oriented programming language that uses abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism to provide great flexibility, modularity, and reusability in developing software. You will learn program- ming with objects and classes (Chapters 9–10), class inheritance (Chapter 11), polymorphism A01_LIAN8564_10_GE_FM.indd 6 05/09/14 10:16 am
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