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Symbols for mappings
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Generalization notation
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Contents
Foreword v
Foreword vii
Preface xv
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Conceptual Models 1
1.2 The World of Patterns 4
1.3 The Patterns in this Book 8
1.4 Conceptual Models and Business Process Reengineering 10
1.5 Patterns and Frameworks 11
1.6 Using the Patterns 11
References 14
Part 1. Analysis Patterns 15
Chapter 2. Accountability 17
2.1 Party 18
2.2 Organization Hierarchies 19
2.3 Organization Structure 21
2.4 Accountability 22
2.5 Accountability Knowledge Level
2.6 Party Type Generalizations 27
2.7 Hierarchic Accountability 28
2.8 Operating Scopes 30
2.9 Post 32
References 33
Chapter 3. Observations and Measurements 35
3.1 Quantity 36
3.2 Conversion Ratio 38
3.3 Compound Units 39
3.4 Measurement 41
3.5 Observation 42
3.6 Subtyping Observation Concepts
3.7 Protocol 46
3.8 Dual Time Record 47
IX
24
46
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x Contents
3.9 Rejected Observation 48
3.10 Active Observation, Hypothesis, and Projection 49
3.11 Associated Observation 50
3.12 Process of Observation 51
References 55
Chapter 4. Observations for Corporate Finance 57
4.1 Enterprise Segment 59
4.2 Measurement Protocol 65
4.3 Range 76
4.4 Phenomenon with Range 77
4.5 Using the Resulting Framework 82
References 83
Chapter 5. Referring to Objects 85
5.1 Name 86
5.2 Identification Scheme 88
5.3 Object Merge 90
5.4 Object Equivalence 92
References 93
Chapter 6. Inventory and Accounting 95
6.1 Account 97
6.2 Transactions 98
6.3 Summary Account 101
6.4 Memo Account 103
6.5 Posting Rules 104
6.6 Individual Instance Method 106
6.7 Posting Rule Execution 111
6.8 Posting Rules for Many Accounts 116
6.9 Choosing Entries 118
6.10 Accounting Practice 119
6.11 Sources of an Entry 122
6.12 Balance Sheet and Income Statement 123
6.13 Corresponding Account 124
6.14 Specialized Account Model 125
6.15 Booking Entries to Multiple Accounts 127
Further Reading 132 References 132
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Chapter 7
Using the Accounting
Contents xi
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
Models 133
Structural Models 134
Implementing the Structure 137
Setting Up New Phone Services 138
Setting Up Calls 142
Implementing Account-based Firing 143
Separating Calls into Day and Evening 143
Charging for Time 145
Calculating the Tax 148
Concluding Thoughts 150
References 155
Chapter 8. Planning 157
8.1 Proposed and Implemented Action 158
8.2 Completed and Abandoned Actions 160
8.3 Suspension 161
8.4 Plan 162
8.5 Protocol 165
8.6 Resource Allocation 168
8.7 Outcome and Start Functions 172
References 174
Trading 175
9.1 Contract 176
9.2 Portfolio 180
9.3 Quote 185
9.4 Scenario 188
References 196
Chapter 9.
Chapter 10. Derivative Contracts 197
10.1 Forward Contracts 198
10.2 Options 200
10.3 Product 205
10.4 Subtype State Machines 211
10.5 Parallel Application and Domain Hierarchies 216
References 223
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xii Contents
Chapter 11. Trading Packages 225
11.1 Multiple Access Levels to a Package 226
11.2 Mutual Visibility 230
11.3 Subtyping Packages 233
11.4 Concluding Thoughts 234
References 235
Part 2. Support Patterns 237
Chapter 12. Layered Architecture for Information Systems 239
12.1 Two-Tier Architecture 240
12.2 Three-Tier Architecture 242
12.3 Presentation and Application Logic 245
12.4 Database Interaction 251
12.5 Concluding Thoughts 255
References 256
Chapter 13. Application Facades 257
13.1 A Health Care Example 258
13.2 Contents of a Facade 259
13.3 Common Methods 262
13.4 Operations 264
13.5 Type Conversions 265
13.6 Multiple Facades 267
References 269
Chapter 14. Patterns for Type Model Design
Templates 271
14.1 Implementing Associations 274
14.2 Implementing Generalization 281
14.3 Object Creation 289
14.4 Object Destruction 290
14.5 Entry Point 291
14.6 Implementing Constraints 294
14.7 Design Templates for Other Techniques 295
References 295
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Contents xiii
Chapter 15. Association Patterns 297
15.1 Associative Type 298
15.2 Keyed Mapping 301
15.3 Historic Mapping 303
References 307
Chapter 16. Afterword
References
309
310
Part 3. Appendix
311
Appendix A. Techniques and Notations 313
A.1 Type Diagrams 313
A.2 Interaction Diagrams 325
A.3 Event Diagrams 326
A.4 State Diagrams 327
A.5 Package Diagrams 328
References 330
Appendix B. Table of Patterns 331
Index 343
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