2011年山东青岛大学基础英语(1)考研真题.doc

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PART II WRITTEN EXPRESSION （10 points）

Example

PART III READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points)

Passage 1

Passage 2

Passage 3

PART IVTRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO CHINESE (30

PART V WRITING (40 Points)

2011年山东青岛大学基础英语(1)考研真题 PART I VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE (40 points) Choose one of the four answers that best completes the sentence. 1. The English language contains a comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. A. latitude B. multitude C. magnitude of words which are D. longitude 2. Jack is not very decisive, and he always finds himself in a if he doesn’t know what he really wants to do. A. fantasy C. contradiction D. conflict B. dilemma as Psychologists have done extensive studies on how well patients 3. with doctors’ orders. A. comply B. correspond C. interfere D. interact 4. 5. The politician says he will A. prey on B. take on C. get at the welfare of the people. D. see to The famous scientist A. imparted B. granted his success to hard work. C. ascribed D. acknowledged 6. The everybody. A. conversion 7. The medicine A. activated 8. from childhood to adulthood is always critical time for B. transition C. turnover D. transformation his pain but did not care his illness. D. deteriorated B. alleviated C. mediated Up until that time his interest had mastering the skills and techniques of his craft. A. restrictively B. radically C. inclusively focused almost on fully D. exclusively 9. After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally D. drained C. dissipated B. dispersed . A. deteriorated 10. No one can function properly if they are A. deprived C. stripped B. ripped of adequate sleep. D. contrived 11. 12. 13. 14. The prospect of increased prices has already A. provoked B. irritated C. inspired D. hoisted worries. be an effective Imposing steep fines on employers for on-the-job injuries to workers could to creating a safer workplace, especially in the case of employers with poor safety records. A. alternative B. addition C. deterrent D. incentive The disjunction between educational objectives that stress independence and individuality and those that emphasize obedience to rules and cooperation with others reflects a values on which these objectives are based. that arises from the A. conflict B. redundancy C. gain D. predictability A misconception frequently held by novice writers is that sentence structure

mirrors thought: the more convoluted the structure, the more ideas. the A. complicated B. elementary C. fanciful D. inconsequential 15. 16. 17. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people A. at length and ask them questions. C. in essence B. at random D. in bulk In fact as he approached this famous statue, he only barely resisted the to reach into his bag for his camera. A. impatience B. impulse C. incentive D. initiative Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this only the crisis. A. precedes B. prevails C. ascends D. accelerates Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very . A. obscure B. indefinite C. dubious D. intriguing Contrary to the popular conception that it is powered by conscious objectivity, science persistence in spite of mistakes. A. controls D. calculations C. deductions B. hunches accidents, through error, often operates happy and Contrary to the antiquated idea that the eighteenth century was a 18. 19. 20.

21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Island of elegant assurance, evidence reveals that life for most people was filled with uncertainty and insecurity. A. tranquil D. recognized C. declining B. clannish David likes country life and has decided to A. go in for B. go back on C. go through with D. go along with farming. subway modernization program intended to A ranging from dangerous tracks to overcrowded stairwells has failed to meet its schedule for repairs. A. initiate B. deplore D. eliminate C. disclose a host of problems Challenging James Baldwin, who wrote of Black Americans as being in a perpetual state of beings could rage, Mr. Cose remarks that few the psychic toll of uninterrupted human anger. A. enhance B. refine C. survive D. refute A diligent scholar, she devoted herself book. A. assiduously B. ingenuously C. theoretically D. sporadically to the completion of the A hypothesis must not only account for what we already know, but it must also be A. interrupted by continued observation. C. discredited B. verified D. refuted A leading philosopher of our time, Ludwig Wittgenstein, laid down a rule to which good historians : “ Of that of which nothing is known nothing can be said.” A. protect D. succumb C. adhere B. amend A 27. in the then-current system of food inspection. major outbreak of food poisoning in 1993 underlined the serious 28. 29. 30. 31. A. expectations B. innovations C. deficiencies D. objectivity A man incapable of something that he had not worked up beforehand, fashioning it with lengthy care. A. self-conscious action, he never had an opinion about B. spontaneous D. calculated C. coherent A sense of fairness dictates that the punishment should fit the crime, yet in actual practice, criminal offense. A. coincide C. compromise B. simplify decisions judicial D. vary greatly for the same type of According to the Senator, it was not hypocrisy for a politician in search of votes to sound political common sense. A. ridicule B. intimidate C. compliment D. Evaluate a mother on the beauty of her plain child; it was merely Although a few of her contempories or mocked it. her book, most either ignored it

32. 33. 34. 35. 36. A. dismissed B. appreciated C. disregarded D. deprecated Although he had the numerous films to his credit and a reputation for technical expertise, the moviemaker lacked originality, all his films were sadly of the work of others. A. independent B. derivative C. unconscious D. contradictory Although, as wife of President John Adams, Abigail Adams sought a greater voice for women, she was not a feminist in modern sense, she the traditional view of women as “ beings placed by Providence” under male protection. A. anticipated B. regretted C. accepted D. repudiated now culture stigmatizes, American behavior that was once taken for granted: overt racism, cigarette smoking the use of sexual stereotypes. A. penalizes B. advocates C. ignores D. advertises sometimes heavily even and scientist have established Social the appropriate behavior of children and adults, but there seem to be confusion about what constitutes appropriate behavior for adolescents. A. functions C. regulations D. rigidity clear-cut B. norms fairly that describe After reading numbers of biographies recounting dysfunctions and disasters,

marriages careers, Joyce Carol Oates failed describe the genre: pathography, the story of diseased lives. A. dismissed B. hypothesized D. reiterated C. coined failed and a word to 37. All critics have agreed that the opera’s score is , but curiously ,no two critics have agreed which passages to praise and which to damn. A. intolerable C. conventional B. unsurpassed D. uneven 38. 39. of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical The consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people. A. implementation B. manifestation C. demonstration D. expedition Although Henry was not in general a sentimental man, occasionally he would feel a touch of making a brief for the old days and would contemplate excursion to Boston to revisit. A. anxiety B. aspiration C. nostalgia D. inspiration 40. Although Josephine Tey is arguably as good a mystery writer as Agatha clearly far less than Christie, having only written is Christie, she six books in comparison to Christie as sixty. A. coherent B. prolific C. equivocal D. Pretentious PART II WRITTEN EXPRESSION （10 points） Directions: Each sentence in the following has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, write down your answer. Example Serving several term in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United A B States politician. D C The sentence should read, “Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United States politician.” Therefore, you should choose (B). 1. The main attractive at Sequoia National Park is thirty-five groves of giant A B C sequoias, the largest living things in the world. D 2. In films, optical printing can be combined with blue-screen photography for produce such special effects as characters seeming to fly through the air. A B

C D 3. The developed countries of the world are using up valuable resources at a rate A B C unprecedented human history. D 4. Over the entirely surface of the Earth, there is not a cubic inch of air nor an ounce A B C of soil in which water is not present. D 5. Periods of sleep are necessary for the preservation of life, and while such periods A B the body apparently recuperates from the effects of waking activity. C D 6. Electricity is the phenomenon associated with positively and negatively A particles charged of matter at rest and in motion, either individually or in great numbers. B C D 7. The Mayo Clinic, one of the world’s largest medical center, was founded in 1889 A in Rochester, Minnesota, as a voluntary association of physicians. B C D 8. The planet Venus is comparing with Earth in terms of size, mass, and density, but A B has a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere, a slow rotation, and no moon. C D 9. Art criticism of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century North America examined the degree to which sculpture embraced the spiritually values that were A B ideal for that period. C D 10. Fewest of her poems were published during her lifetime, but when C they were A B rediscovered in the 1920’s, Emily Dickinson became known as a major writer. PART III READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points) D In this section there are three reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.

Passage 1 Social critics and the general public in the United States have blamed television for every social ill from declining academic performance to juvenile delinquency. Concentrating on the negatives, however, sometimes leads people to ignore the equally important questions about the positive contributions television does make or could make. Clearly, the content of television can be beneficial or harmful. What about the medium of television itself? as a that Some medium contend engenders television intellectual passivity, displaces creative and intellectually demanding activities, and interferes with schoolwork. The evidence does not support the worst fears of television's critics. Television displaces some activities, but primarily those that are functionally similar to it. Television viewing is associated with low school achievement and low reading ability, but these effects appear to be due to or confounded by other variables such as time spent viewing. On the positive side, properly designed television can teach reading skills and motivate children to read. can watch People actively television Television does not inherently encourage passivity, intellectual or physical. Young children's patterns of attention and learning from television demonstrate that when they are absorbed in television they are mentally active and selective. They think about and evaluate what they are seeing. However, the predominance of "pure entertainment" on television in the United States eventually leads viewers to adopt an attitude that television requires little mental effort because they believe the medium is undemanding and are passively. or confirmed in this view by the banal nature of many programs. Television formats, forms, and production techniques can be used to stimulate viewers to think actively about what they are viewing or to interact with the program. Children learn to "read" the production cues denoting interesting and comprehensible content. Well-placed special effects can direct attention, formats can signal important content, and production features can emphasize content messages. These techniques are used in good educational programs to maximize viewer involvement. 1. The author mentions "declining academic performance" in line 2 in order to A. describe how it contributes to juvenile delinquency. B. argue that television causes a reduction in brain cells. C. support teachers' efforts to limit television viewing. D. give an example of a consequence attributed to television viewing. 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an effect of excessive television viewing? A. Neglect of schoolwork B. Replacement of more challenging activities

C. Intellectual passivity D. Damage to eyesight 3. The author suggests that children who learn to read through television. A. absorb more information from television than from schoolwork. B. are more sight-oriented than sound-oriented. C. watch television more actively than is commonly believed. D. have a difficult time transferring their reading skills to books. 4. The author believes that viewers have a negative opinion of television in the United States because A. it tends to shorten the attention span of children. B. it is largely devoted to entertaining programming. C. its programs are frequently interrupted by technical problems. D. it contributes to low self-esteem. 5. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Educational programs are difficult to produce. B. Television formats have undergone few changes in the past decade. C. Television programming can be designed to increase viewer involvement. D. Special effects on television have replaced the role of the imagination. Passage 2 In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects, appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war- paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning

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2011年山东青岛大学基础英语(1)考研真题.doc

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